問 1
Never ( ) such an absolutely beautiful incredible sunset in my entire long peaceful life ━ the sky was filled with amazing vibrant colors.
- have I seen
- did I see
- I saw
- I have seen
Never + 倒置 (Never have I + pp)
Never + have/has/had + S + pp = 「決して〜したことがない」、文頭の Never で倒置。
「have I seen」
正解"Never ~ such an absolutely beautiful incredible sunset in my entire long peaceful life" は文頭否定副詞 = 「have I seen」。形: Never + 助動詞 + S + 過去分詞 = 否定副詞文頭の倒置。ポイント: 文頭の否定副詞 (Never / Hardly / Scarcely / No sooner / Little / Seldom / Rarely) は倒置を引き起こす。2級頻出: 文頭否定倒置は B2 鉄板、formal writing で必出。
「I have seen」
= 通常語順 ━ Never 文頭は倒置必須 ━ Never が文頭なら倒置 (助動詞 + S)。
「did I see」
= did + 原形 ━ 完了形ではなく単純過去 ━ 経験には完了形、Never + have/has S + pp。
「I saw」
= 通常語順 ━ 倒置不成立 ━ Never 文頭は倒置必須、I saw は不可。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| Never + have/has + S + pp | 現在完了経験 | Never have I seen |
| Never + had + S + pp | 過去完了 | Never had I seen |
| Never + did + S + 原形 | 過去 (稀) | Never did I think |
| vs 通常語順 | S + have + never + pp | I have never seen |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 経験否定 (現在完了) | Never + have + S + pp | Never have I seen such beauty. |
| 過去経験否定 | Never + had + S + pp | Never had I felt so happy. |
| 過去動作否定 | Never + did + S + 原形 | Never did I imagine this. |
Never have I seen such an absolutely beautiful incredible sunset in my entire long peaceful life ━ the sky was filled with the most amazing vibrant colors imaginable.
私の長く平和な人生全体で、このように絶対的に美しく信じられない夕日を見たことは決してない ━ 空は想像できる最も素晴らしい鮮やかな色で満たされていた。
Never had my dedicated older sister worked so very hard on any single project before she finally completed her landmark master's thesis last spring.
姉が春にようやく画期的な修士論文を完成させる前に、献身的な姉はそれまでどのプロジェクトでもこれほど非常に懸命に働いたことは決してなかった。
Never did I imagine that my very ambitious quiet small startup company would actually become one of the largest most successful international firms in Asia within just ten short years.
非常に野心的だが静かな小さな会社がたった10年の短い期間でアジアで最大かつ最も成功した国際企業の一つに実際なるとは決して想像しなかった。
Never have my elderly grandparents traveled outside of beautiful Japan in their entire long peaceful lives together, but they are seriously planning their very first international trip next year.
高齢の祖父母は一緒の長く平和な人生全体で美しい日本の外を旅行したことが決してないが、来年初めての国際旅行を真剣に計画している。
Never has the entire team faced such an extremely difficult challenging deadline as the one we are unfortunately facing right now with this very important new product launch.
全チームは現在この非常に重要な新製品発売で残念ながら直面しているような、極めて困難で挑戦的な締切に直面したことが決してない。
- Never 倒置 (2級 鉄板)
★ Never + 助動詞 + S + pp/原形 = 否定強調 ★ Never have I seen / Never had I felt / Never did I imagine ━ 強調のため文頭倒置、emphatic
- vs 通常語順
★ I have never seen (通常) vs Never have I seen (倒置・強調) ━ 同じ意味、formality が違う。本試験 writing: 強調・印象的表現で頻出、formal essay の cap stone