EigoPro 2級 文法 — Modals

法助動詞応用: must vs have to / must not vs don't have to / should / ought to / had better / may / might / can / could / will / would / shall / used to + 原形 / be able to + 原形 / need + 原形 / need to + 原形 / dare + 原形 / dare to + 原形 / may well / may as well / would like to / must have + pp / can't have + pp / should have + pp / ought to have + pp ━ CEFR B2

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この単元の問題を3問、解説つきで公開しています

2級 · 文法 · 全15

1

You really ( ) try this absolutely delicious authentic traditional homemade Italian pasta tonight ━ I personally believe it is the very best you have ever had in your life.

  • must
  • should
  • have to
  • can
Pattern

must vs have to (義務・必要性の違い)

2級文法助動詞義務
ひとことで

must = 主観的義務 (話者判断) / have to = 客観的義務 (規則・必要性)。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

must

正解

"You really ~ try this absolutely delicious traditional homemade Italian pasta ━ I personally believe it is the very best you have ever had" は主観義務 = 「must」: must + 原形 = 話者の主観的義務 / have to + 原形 = 客観的義務・必要性。ポイント: must = 「ぜひ〜すべき」(話者強調) / have to = 「〜しなければ」(規則・状況)。2級頻出: must vs have to の使い分けは B2 鉄板。

  • have to

    = 客観義務 ━ 「ぜひ試して」は主観強調 ━ 話者の強い推奨は must、規則は have to。

  • should

    = 推奨 ━ 強さが弱い ━ 「ぜひ」の強調は must、should は柔らかい。

  • can

    = 可能 ━ 義務ではない ━ 義務は must / have to、can は能力・許可。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
must + 原形 (主観義務)「ぜひ〜すべき」You must try this
have to + 原形 (客観義務)「〜しなければ」I have to leave by 5
must not + 原形 (禁止)「〜してはいけない」You must not smoke
don't have to + 原形 (不要)「〜する必要なし」You don't have to come
文型バリエーション
文型
主観義務S + must + 原形You must see this movie.
客観義務S + have to + 原形I have to wake up at 6.
禁止 vs 不要 (対比)must not vs don't have tomust not (禁止) vs don't have to (不要)
例文
  • You really must try this absolutely delicious authentic traditional homemade Italian pasta tonight ━ I personally believe it is the very best you have ever had in your entire life.

    今夜この絶対的に美味しい本格的な伝統的家庭的イタリアパスタをぜひ試すべきだ ━ 私は個人的にあなたが人生で食べた中で最高だと信じている。

  • My older sister has to wake up at exactly five every single weekday morning because she has a very long demanding commute to her important corporate job in central Tokyo.

    姉は東京中心部の重要な企業勤務までの非常に長く厳しい通勤があるため、毎平日朝ちょうど5時に起きなければならない。

  • All employees must absolutely not use their personal smartphones during important business meetings ━ this is a very strict company rule that everyone must seriously follow.

    全社員は重要な商談中に個人のスマートフォンを絶対使ってはならない ━ これは全員が真剣に従わなければならない非常に厳しい会社規則だ。

  • You honestly don't have to bring any expensive gifts at all to my casual birthday party tonight ━ your warm presence is honestly the most wonderful gift I could ever want.

    今夜の私のカジュアルな誕生日パーティーに高価な贈り物は正直全く持ってくる必要はない ━ あなたの温かい存在が正直私が欲しい最も素晴らしい贈り物だ。

  • My talented older brother absolutely must finish writing his very long important research thesis by next Monday morning, or his serious professor will not accept it at all anymore.

    才能ある兄は来週月曜の朝までに非常に長く重要な研究論文を書き終えなければならない、さもなければ厳しい教授はもう絶対受け取らない。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • must vs have to (2級 鉄板)

    ★ must = 主観 (話者強調・強い推奨) ★ have to = 客観 (規則・必要性) ━ ニュアンス差

  • 否定の差

    ★ must not = 禁止 (してはいけない) ★ don't have to = 不要 (する必要なし) ━ 完全に違う意味!

  • 過去形

    ★ must は過去形なし、had to で代用 (I had to leave)

2

You honestly ( ) come to the casual office party tonight at all if you are really feeling very tired after the very long busy day at work.

  • cannot
  • must not
  • don't have to
  • shouldn't
Pattern

must not vs don't have to (禁止 vs 不要)

2級文法助動詞否定義務
ひとことで

must not = 禁止「〜してはならない」 / don't have to = 不要「〜する必要はない」。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

don't have to

正解

"You ~ come to the casual office party tonight if you are honestly feeling really very tired after the long day" は不要 = 「don't have to」: must not + 原形 = 禁止 / don't have to + 原形 = 不要。ポイント: 完全に違う意味、混同注意。must not = 強い禁止、don't have to = 義務なし。2級頻出: must not vs don't have to の使い分けは B2 鉄板問題。

  • must not

    = 禁止 ━ 「来てはならない」になる ━ 「来る必要なし」は don't have to、must not は禁止。

  • cannot

    = 不可能・禁止 ━ 文脈不一致 ━ 「不要」は don't have to、cannot は能力否定。

  • shouldn't

    = 推奨否定 ━ 「来ない方がいい」 ━ 「不要」は don't have to、shouldn't は推奨否定。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
must not + 原形 (禁止)「〜してはならない」must not smoke
don't have to + 原形 (不要)「〜する必要なし」don't have to come
don't need to + 原形 (不要)don't have to と同義don't need to worry
vs need not + 原形 (不要 formal)formalneed not worry
文型バリエーション
文型
禁止S + must not + 原形You must not enter.
不要S + don't have to + 原形You don't have to wait.
対比禁止 vs 不要must not (禁止) vs don't have to (不要)
例文
  • You honestly don't have to come to the casual office party tonight at all if you are really feeling very tired after the very long busy day at work.

    仕事での非常に長く忙しい日の後で本当にとても疲れているなら、正直今夜のカジュアルなオフィスパーティーに全く来る必要はない。

  • All visitors absolutely must not take any photographs inside this very famous old historical Buddhist temple ━ this is a very strict religious sacred rule that everyone must respect.

    全訪問者はこの非常に有名な古い歴史的仏教寺院内で絶対写真を撮ってはならない ━ これは全員が尊重しなければならない非常に厳しい宗教的神聖な規則だ。

  • You really don't have to call me back immediately right now ━ I just left a brief voicemail saying that I will probably stop by your house later this evening.

    今すぐ電話を折り返す必要は本当にない ━ 私は今夜後であなたの家に立ち寄ると思うと簡単なボイスメールを残しただけだ。

  • Students absolutely must not bring their personal mobile phones into the official examination room during the very important final tests ━ this is a very strict school rule.

    生徒は非常に重要な期末試験中に公式試験室に個人の携帯電話を絶対持ち込んではならない ━ これは非常に厳しい学校規則だ。

  • My older sister honestly doesn't have to work this entire upcoming weekend at all ━ her busy company is actually very generously giving everyone a wonderful three

    day long weekend holiday. — 姉は今度の週末全体仕事をする必要は正直全くない ━ 忙しい会社は実は素晴らしい3日間の長い週末休日を全員に非常に寛大に与えている。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • must not vs don't have to (2級 超鉄板)

    ★ must not = 禁止 (絶対だめ) ★ don't have to = 不要 (してもしなくても可) ━ 完全に違う意味!

  • 混同注意

    ★ ✗ You must not come (来てはいけない) と ★ You don't have to come (来る必要なし) は別 ━ 文脈で誤訳しない。本試験 listening: 会話で意味判定、特に契約・規則文で頻出

3

You ( ) leave for the airport immediately right now ━ otherwise you will definitely miss your very important international flight to Paris in less than two hours.

  • had better
  • ought to
  • must
  • should
Pattern

should / ought to / had better (推奨度の違い)

2級文法助動詞推奨
ひとことで

should = 一般的推奨 / ought to = should の formal 版 / had better = 警告含む強い推奨。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

had better

正解

"You ~ leave for the airport immediately right now ━ otherwise you will definitely miss your important international flight to Paris" は警告 = 「had better」: should + 原形 = 推奨 / ought to + 原形 = formal 推奨 / had better + 原形 = 警告含む強い推奨。ポイント: had better は省略形 ('d better)、否定は had better not。2級頻出: 推奨度の3段階は B2 鉄板。

  • should

    = 一般推奨 ━ 警告ニュアンスなし ━ 警告 (さもなければ) には had better。

  • ought to

    = formal 推奨 ━ 警告なし ━ 警告 (otherwise) には had better。

  • must

    = 義務 ━ 推奨ではない ━ 推奨は should/had better、must は義務。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
should + 原形 (推奨)「〜すべき」You should rest
ought to + 原形 (formal)「〜すべき」(formal)You ought to rest
had better + 原形 (警告)「〜した方がいい」You had better leave now
had better not + 原形 (警告否定)「〜しない方がいい」You had better not be late
文型バリエーション
文型
一般推奨S + should + 原形You should see a doctor.
formalS + ought to + 原形You ought to apologize.
警告S + had better + 原形You had better leave now.
例文
  • You had better leave for the airport immediately right now ━ otherwise you will definitely miss your very important international flight to Paris in less than two hours.

    今すぐ空港に出発した方がいい ━ さもなければ2時間以内のパリへの非常に重要な国際線に確実に乗り遅れる。

  • Honestly, you should really try to seriously go to bed much earlier every night ━ getting only five hours of sleep is not very healthy for you at all in the long run.

    正直、毎晩本当にもっと早く真剣に寝るべきだ ━ 5時間しか眠らないのは長期的にあなたの健康に全く良くない。

  • All students ought to absolutely review all of their important class notes and study guides carefully before the very difficult final examination next Friday morning at school.

    全生徒は来週金曜朝の学校での非常に難しい期末試験の前に重要なクラスのノートと学習ガイドを慎重に絶対復習すべきだ。

  • My older brother had better not be late again to the very important business dinner with our serious clients tonight, or our boss will be extremely angry with him.

    兄は今夜の厳しい顧客との非常に重要なビジネスディナーに再び遅刻しない方がいい、さもなければ上司が彼に非常に怒る。

  • You honestly should try to call your worried elderly mother more often ━ she always mentions to me how much she really misses talking with you every single week.

    もっと頻繁に心配している高齢の母に電話することを正直試みるべきだ ━ 彼女はいつも毎週あなたと話すのをどれほど本当に恋しいかと私に話す。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • 推奨度3段階 (2級 鉄板)

    ★ should = 一般推奨 (柔らかい) ★ ought to = should の formal 版 (やや堅い) ★ had better = 警告含む強い推奨 (さもなければ) ━ 推奨度で使い分け

  • had better の特徴

    ★ had better は省略形 ('d better、口語頻出) ★ 否定 had better not (had not better 不可) ★ 助動詞だが過去形ではない ━ 注意。本試験 listening: 警告のニュアンスを聞き分け

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