問 1
You really ( ) try this absolutely delicious authentic traditional homemade Italian pasta tonight ━ I personally believe it is the very best you have ever had in your life.
- must
- should
- have to
- can
must vs have to (義務・必要性の違い)
must = 主観的義務 (話者判断) / have to = 客観的義務 (規則・必要性)。
「must」
正解"You really ~ try this absolutely delicious traditional homemade Italian pasta ━ I personally believe it is the very best you have ever had" は主観義務 = 「must」。形: must + 原形 = 話者の主観的義務 / have to + 原形 = 客観的義務・必要性。ポイント: must = 「ぜひ〜すべき」(話者強調) / have to = 「〜しなければ」(規則・状況)。2級頻出: must vs have to の使い分けは B2 鉄板。
「have to」
= 客観義務 ━ 「ぜひ試して」は主観強調 ━ 話者の強い推奨は must、規則は have to。
「should」
= 推奨 ━ 強さが弱い ━ 「ぜひ」の強調は must、should は柔らかい。
「can」
= 可能 ━ 義務ではない ━ 義務は must / have to、can は能力・許可。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| must + 原形 (主観義務) | 「ぜひ〜すべき」 | You must try this |
| have to + 原形 (客観義務) | 「〜しなければ」 | I have to leave by 5 |
| must not + 原形 (禁止) | 「〜してはいけない」 | You must not smoke |
| don't have to + 原形 (不要) | 「〜する必要なし」 | You don't have to come |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 主観義務 | S + must + 原形 | You must see this movie. |
| 客観義務 | S + have to + 原形 | I have to wake up at 6. |
| 禁止 vs 不要 (対比) | must not vs don't have to | must not (禁止) vs don't have to (不要) |
You really must try this absolutely delicious authentic traditional homemade Italian pasta tonight ━ I personally believe it is the very best you have ever had in your entire life.
今夜この絶対的に美味しい本格的な伝統的家庭的イタリアパスタをぜひ試すべきだ ━ 私は個人的にあなたが人生で食べた中で最高だと信じている。
My older sister has to wake up at exactly five every single weekday morning because she has a very long demanding commute to her important corporate job in central Tokyo.
姉は東京中心部の重要な企業勤務までの非常に長く厳しい通勤があるため、毎平日朝ちょうど5時に起きなければならない。
All employees must absolutely not use their personal smartphones during important business meetings ━ this is a very strict company rule that everyone must seriously follow.
全社員は重要な商談中に個人のスマートフォンを絶対使ってはならない ━ これは全員が真剣に従わなければならない非常に厳しい会社規則だ。
You honestly don't have to bring any expensive gifts at all to my casual birthday party tonight ━ your warm presence is honestly the most wonderful gift I could ever want.
今夜の私のカジュアルな誕生日パーティーに高価な贈り物は正直全く持ってくる必要はない ━ あなたの温かい存在が正直私が欲しい最も素晴らしい贈り物だ。
My talented older brother absolutely must finish writing his very long important research thesis by next Monday morning, or his serious professor will not accept it at all anymore.
才能ある兄は来週月曜の朝までに非常に長く重要な研究論文を書き終えなければならない、さもなければ厳しい教授はもう絶対受け取らない。
- must vs have to (2級 鉄板)
★ must = 主観 (話者強調・強い推奨) ★ have to = 客観 (規則・必要性) ━ ニュアンス差
- 否定の差
★ must not = 禁止 (してはいけない) ★ don't have to = 不要 (する必要なし) ━ 完全に違う意味!
- 過去形
★ must は過去形なし、had to で代用 (I had to leave)