EigoPro 2級 文法 — Conjunctions

接続詞応用: because / since / as / although / though / even though / Despite / In spite of / while / whereas / so that / in order that / as soon as / once / as long as / provided that / as if / as though / both ~ and / either ~ or / Otherwise / Or else / Therefore / Thus / Hence / However / Nevertheless / In addition / Moreover / Furthermore / For example / For instance / On the other hand / In contrast ━ CEFR B2

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この単元の問題を3問、解説つきで公開しています

2級 · 文法 · 全15

1

I really cannot honestly attend tonight's very important business dinner with the clients ( ) I have a very high fever and a serious bad cough that started suddenly this morning.

  • because of
  • due to
  • for
  • because
Pattern

because / since / as (理由)

2級文法接続詞理由
ひとことで

because = 強い直接理由 / since = 既知の理由 (口語/書面) / as = 軽い理由 (formal)。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

because

正解

"I really cannot honestly attend tonight's important business dinner ~ I have a very high fever and a serious cough that started suddenly this morning" は強い直接理由 = 「because」: 主節 + because + 節 = 強い直接的理由 (since/as より理由を強調)。ポイント: because は最も直接的、since は既知の事実、as は軽い理由として使う。2級頻出: because/since/as の使い分けは B2 鉄板。

  • because of

    = 前置詞 + 名詞 ━ 節を続けられない ━ because + 節、because of + 名詞 (混同注意)。

  • due to

    = 前置詞句 ━ 節不可 ━ due to + 名詞、節には because。

  • for

    = 理由 ━ 文頭不可、文中のみ ━ for は文中のみ、文頭は because。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
because + 節 (直接強い理由)「〜だから」I'm tired because I worked late
since + 節 (既知の理由)「〜だから (既知)」Since you're here, let's start
as + 節 (軽い理由 formal)「〜なので」As it was raining, we stayed
because of + 名詞 (前置詞)「〜のせいで」I was late because of the traffic
文型バリエーション
文型
強い直接理由S + V + because + S + VI'm sad because she left.
既知理由 (文頭)Since + S + V, S + VSince you're free, help me.
軽い理由As + S + V, S + VAs it rained, we stayed home.
例文
  • I really cannot honestly attend tonight's very important business dinner with the clients because I have a very high fever and a serious bad cough that started suddenly this morning.

    私は今朝突然始まった非常に高い熱と深刻なひどい咳があるため、今夜のクライアントとの非常に重要なビジネスディナーに正直出席できない。

  • Since you are already very kindly here at my small apartment today, would you please very kindly help me move this very heavy old wooden dining table to the next room?

    今日小さなアパートに親切に既にいらっしゃるので、この非常に重い古い木製のダイニングテーブルを隣の部屋に移動するのを親切に手伝っていただけますか。

  • As it was unfortunately raining very heavily outside all afternoon, we decided to just stay comfortably inside the small cozy house and watch some really good interesting old movies together.

    外で午後ずっと残念ながら非常に激しく雨が降っていたので、私たちは小さく居心地の良い家の中に快適に留まって、本当に良く面白い古い映画を一緒に見ることに決めた。

  • My older sister had to unfortunately cancel her very important morning meeting because of the very heavy unexpected snow that fell suddenly all over Tokyo overnight last night.

    姉は昨夜東京全体に突然降った非常に重く予期しない雪のせいで、非常に重要な朝のミーティングを残念ながらキャンセルしなければならなかった。

  • Since my older brother is now living and working very far away in Singapore, we honestly really only see him in person about once or twice every single year these days.

    兄は今やシンガポールで非常に遠く離れて生活し働いているので、私たちは近頃年に1〜2回程度しか彼に正直直接会わない。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • because / since / as (2級 鉄板)

    ★ because = 強い直接理由 (中心情報) ★ since = 既知の理由 (前提) ★ as = 軽い理由 (formal、文頭多い) ━ 重要度で使い分け

  • vs because of / due to (前置詞)

    ★ because + 節 ★ because of / due to + 名詞 ━ 後ろの形で使い分け。本試験 writing: 理由表現の多様化で文章説得力向上

2

( ) it was honestly raining very heavily all morning long, my dedicated older sister still decided to bravely go for her usual long peaceful morning run in the small local park.

  • In spite of
  • Despite
  • Although
  • However
Pattern

although / though / even though (譲歩)

2級文法接続詞譲歩
ひとことで

although / though / even though = 「〜だけれども」、譲歩接続詞。even though が最も強い譲歩。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

Although

正解

"~ it was honestly raining very heavily all morning, my dedicated older sister still decided to bravely go for her usual long morning run in the local park" は譲歩 = 「Although」: Although / Though / Even though + 節, 主節 = 「〜だけれども」。ポイント: even though > although > though の順で譲歩の強さ、though は文末も可。2級頻出: 譲歩接続詞は B2 鉄板、対比表現で必出。

  • Despite

    = 前置詞 ━ 節を続けられない ━ Despite + 名詞 / V-ing、節には Although。

  • In spite of

    = 前置詞句 ━ 節不可 ━ In spite of + 名詞、節には Although。

  • However

    = 副詞 ━ 接続詞ではない ━ However は副詞 (コンマ + however + コンマ)、節接続は Although。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
Although + 節 (formal)「〜だけれども」Although it rained, we went out
Though + 節 (口語、文末可)「〜だけれども」Though it rained, we went out
Even though + 節 (強い譲歩)「〜にもかかわらず」Even though it rained, we went
Despite / In spite of + 名詞前置詞句Despite the rain, we went
文型バリエーション
文型
formal 譲歩Although + S + V, S + VAlthough it rained, we went out.
口語 譲歩Though + S + V, S + VThough it was late, we stayed.
強い譲歩Even though + S + V, S + VEven though I tried, I failed.
例文
  • Although it was honestly raining very heavily all morning long, my dedicated older sister still decided to bravely go for her usual long peaceful morning run in the small local park.

    正直朝中とても激しく雨が降っていたにもかかわらず、献身的な姉はそれでも小さな地元公園でいつもの長く平和な朝のランをしに勇敢に出かけることに決めた。

  • Even though my younger brother studied honestly really very seriously for over six straight long months, he unfortunately failed the very difficult international entrance exam by just two small points.

    弟は6ヶ月以上連続で正直本当に真剣に勉強したにもかかわらず、残念ながら非常に難しい国際入試にちょうど2点差で失敗した。

  • Though my elderly grandmother is now eighty

    five years old this year, she still very actively walks several long kilometers to the small local park every single peaceful morning. — 高齢の祖母は今年85歳になるけれども、彼女はまだ毎日平和な朝、小さな地元公園まで数キロも非常に活発に歩く。

  • Although the very expensive new luxury smartphone is honestly incredibly fast and efficient, my older brother still actually prefers his very old reliable basic phone from many years ago.

    非常に高価な新しい高級スマートフォンは正直信じられないほど速く効率的だけれども、兄はまだ実は何年も前の非常に古く信頼できる基本電話を好む。

  • Even though my very old grandfather has unfortunately lost most of his physical strength since his hip surgery last year, his sharp mind is still really very clear and alert most of the time.

    高齢の祖父は去年の股関節手術以来、残念ながら身体の力のほとんどを失ったにもかかわらず、鋭い頭脳はまだほとんどの時に本当に非常に明確で機敏だ。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • Although / Though / Even though (2級 鉄板)

    ★ Although = formal 譲歩 ★ Though = 口語譲歩 (文末も可) ★ Even though = 強い譲歩 (にもかかわらず) ━ formality と強度で使い分け

  • vs Despite / In spite of

    ★ Although + 節 (S+V) ★ Despite + 名詞 / V-ing ━ 後ろの形で使い分け

  • vs but

    ★ Although は譲歩節 (従属) ★ but は等位接続詞 (主節同士) ━ 構造が違う

3

( ) the very heavy unexpected rain that fell suddenly this morning, our entire small dedicated team somehow successfully completed the very important outdoor business event without any major problems.

  • Although
  • Despite
  • Despite of
  • However
Pattern

Despite / In spite of (前置詞譲歩)

2級文法接続詞譲歩前置詞
ひとことで

Despite / In spite of + 名詞 / V-ing = 「〜にもかかわらず」、前置詞句譲歩。Although は節を取る。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

Despite

正解

"~ the very heavy unexpected rain that fell suddenly this morning, our entire small dedicated team somehow successfully completed the outdoor business event without any major problems" は前置詞譲歩 = 「Despite」: Despite / In spite of + 名詞 / V-ing = 「〜にもかかわらず」、前置詞句。ポイント: Despite / In spite of は前置詞、後ろは名詞 or V-ing (節不可)。Despite of は誤り。2級頻出: Despite / In spite of は B2 鉄板、節と前置詞の使い分け。

  • Although

    = 接続詞 ━ 節を取る ━ Although + 節 (S+V)、Despite + 名詞。

  • Despite of

    = of は不要 ━ 誤った合成 ━ Despite + 名詞 (of 不要)、In spite of + 名詞。

  • However

    = 副詞 ━ 前置詞ではない ━ However は副詞、前置詞句譲歩は Despite / In spite of。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
Despite + 名詞 / V-ing前置詞譲歩Despite the rain
In spite of + 名詞 / V-ingDespite と同義In spite of the rain
vs Although + 節節を取る譲歩接続詞Although it rained
Despite the fact that + 節「〜という事実にもかかわらず」Despite the fact that I'm tired
文型バリエーション
文型
名詞Despite + 名詞, S + VDespite the rain, we went out.
V-ingDespite + V-ing, S + VDespite being tired, I worked.
fact thatDespite the fact that + 節Despite the fact that I'm tired, I work.
例文
  • Despite the very heavy unexpected rain that fell suddenly this morning, our entire small dedicated team somehow successfully completed the very important outdoor business event without any major problems.

    今朝突然降った非常に重く予期しない雨にもかかわらず、私たちの小さく献身的なチーム全体は何とか非常に重要な野外ビジネスイベントを大きな問題なく成功裏に完了した。

  • In spite of his very young age of just sixteen years, my talented younger brother has already won several extremely impressive prestigious international piano competitions in major cities.

    わずか16歳の非常に若い年齢にもかかわらず、才能ある弟は既に主要都市で非常に印象的な名門国際ピアノコンクールでいくつかも優勝した。

  • Despite working honestly extremely hard every single day for over twelve long stressful months on the very challenging project, my exhausted older sister still has not received any kind of well

    deserved promotion at all yet. — 非常に挑戦的なプロジェクトに12ヶ月以上正直極めて懸命に毎日働いたにもかかわらず、疲れ切った姉はまだ全くの値する昇進を全く受けていない。

  • In spite of the very high cost and very long demanding hours, my older brother absolutely loves working at his demanding very challenging new corporate consulting job in Tokyo.

    非常に高いコストと非常に長く厳しい時間にもかかわらず、兄は東京での厳しい非常に挑戦的な新企業コンサルティング職での仕事を絶対的に愛している。

  • Despite the fact that the new luxury smartphone is honestly incredibly very expensive, sales have actually been surprisingly really very strong worldwide ever since it was officially launched last spring.

    新しい高級スマートフォンが正直信じられないほど非常に高価であるという事実にもかかわらず、去年春に公式に発売されて以来、売上は実は驚くほど本当に非常に強い。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • Despite vs Although (2級 鉄板)

    ★ Despite / In spite of + 名詞 / V-ing (前置詞句) ★ Although / Though + 節 (S+V) ━ 後ろの形で使い分け

  • 鉄板ミス防止

    ★ ✗ Despite of (of 不要) ★ ◯ Despite + 名詞 ★ ◯ In spite of + 名詞 (in spite では of 必要) ━ 混同注意。Despite the fact that = 名詞句にして節を入れる裏ワザ

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