問 1
I really cannot honestly attend tonight's very important business dinner with the clients ( ) I have a very high fever and a serious bad cough that started suddenly this morning.
- because of
- due to
- for
- because
because / since / as (理由)
because = 強い直接理由 / since = 既知の理由 (口語/書面) / as = 軽い理由 (formal)。
「because」
正解"I really cannot honestly attend tonight's important business dinner ~ I have a very high fever and a serious cough that started suddenly this morning" は強い直接理由 = 「because」。形: 主節 + because + 節 = 強い直接的理由 (since/as より理由を強調)。ポイント: because は最も直接的、since は既知の事実、as は軽い理由として使う。2級頻出: because/since/as の使い分けは B2 鉄板。
「because of」
= 前置詞 + 名詞 ━ 節を続けられない ━ because + 節、because of + 名詞 (混同注意)。
「due to」
= 前置詞句 ━ 節不可 ━ due to + 名詞、節には because。
「for」
= 理由 ━ 文頭不可、文中のみ ━ for は文中のみ、文頭は because。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| because + 節 (直接強い理由) | 「〜だから」 | I'm tired because I worked late |
| since + 節 (既知の理由) | 「〜だから (既知)」 | Since you're here, let's start |
| as + 節 (軽い理由 formal) | 「〜なので」 | As it was raining, we stayed |
| because of + 名詞 (前置詞) | 「〜のせいで」 | I was late because of the traffic |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 強い直接理由 | S + V + because + S + V | I'm sad because she left. |
| 既知理由 (文頭) | Since + S + V, S + V | Since you're free, help me. |
| 軽い理由 | As + S + V, S + V | As it rained, we stayed home. |
I really cannot honestly attend tonight's very important business dinner with the clients because I have a very high fever and a serious bad cough that started suddenly this morning.
私は今朝突然始まった非常に高い熱と深刻なひどい咳があるため、今夜のクライアントとの非常に重要なビジネスディナーに正直出席できない。
Since you are already very kindly here at my small apartment today, would you please very kindly help me move this very heavy old wooden dining table to the next room?
今日小さなアパートに親切に既にいらっしゃるので、この非常に重い古い木製のダイニングテーブルを隣の部屋に移動するのを親切に手伝っていただけますか。
As it was unfortunately raining very heavily outside all afternoon, we decided to just stay comfortably inside the small cozy house and watch some really good interesting old movies together.
外で午後ずっと残念ながら非常に激しく雨が降っていたので、私たちは小さく居心地の良い家の中に快適に留まって、本当に良く面白い古い映画を一緒に見ることに決めた。
My older sister had to unfortunately cancel her very important morning meeting because of the very heavy unexpected snow that fell suddenly all over Tokyo overnight last night.
姉は昨夜東京全体に突然降った非常に重く予期しない雪のせいで、非常に重要な朝のミーティングを残念ながらキャンセルしなければならなかった。
Since my older brother is now living and working very far away in Singapore, we honestly really only see him in person about once or twice every single year these days.
兄は今やシンガポールで非常に遠く離れて生活し働いているので、私たちは近頃年に1〜2回程度しか彼に正直直接会わない。
- because / since / as (2級 鉄板)
★ because = 強い直接理由 (中心情報) ★ since = 既知の理由 (前提) ★ as = 軽い理由 (formal、文頭多い) ━ 重要度で使い分け
- vs because of / due to (前置詞)
★ because + 節 ★ because of / due to + 名詞 ━ 後ろの形で使い分け。本試験 writing: 理由表現の多様化で文章説得力向上