問 1
It was honestly my very kind elderly grandmother （ ） originally taught me how to bake delicious traditional Japanese matcha cookies last summer vacation.
- that
- whom
- what
- which
It is/was + 主語 + that + 動詞 (主語強調)
It is/was + 強調主語 + that + V = 「〜こそが Vする」、主語にスポットライト。
「that」
正解"It was honestly my very kind elderly grandmother ~ originally taught me how to bake delicious traditional Japanese matcha cookies last summer" は強調構文 = 「that」。形: It is/was + 強調したい主語 + that + V = 「〜こそが Vした」(=分裂文 cleft sentence)。ポイント: that の代わりに who (人) も可、強調主語が人なら who 推奨、it was X who/that V の交換可能。2級頻出: 強調構文は B2 native register、speaking/writing 両方で頻出、Mock Section 1 でも出題。
「which」
= which は物の関係代名詞 ━ 強調主語が人なので不可 ━ 強調構文 + 人主語は who/that、物主語は that/which。
「what」
= what は先行詞内包 ━ 強調構文には不適 ━ It is X that Y は cleft、It is what は別の構造。
「whom」
= 目的格 ━ 強調主語は主格なので不可 ━ 強調主語は主格 (who/that)、目的格は whom (古風)。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| It is + 主語 + that + V | 現在の強調 | It is my mother that cooks |
| It was + 主語 + that + V | 過去の強調 | It was my mother that cooked |
| It is + 人主語 + who + V | 人強調は who 可 | It is my mother who cooks |
| It is not + X + but Y + that V | 対比強調 | It is not John but Mary that wins |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 主語強調 (人) | It is/was + 人 + that/who + V | It was she who solved the puzzle. |
| 主語強調 (物) | It is/was + 物 + that + V | It was the noise that woke me up. |
| 否定対比 | It is not A but B that V | It is not luck but effort that matters. |
It was honestly my very kind elderly grandmother that originally taught me how to bake delicious traditional Japanese matcha green tea cookies last summer vacation.
正直、夏休みに伝統的な日本の抹茶クッキーの焼き方を最初に教えてくれたのは、私の優しい高齢の祖母だった。
It is honestly my very hardworking older sister that always carefully prepares the delicious traditional Japanese New Year's eve dinner for our entire extended family every single year.
正直、毎年大晦日に大家族全員のために伝統的な日本のおせち料理を丁寧に準備しているのは、私の働き者の姉だ。
It was the very small old wooden Japanese house in Kyoto that my elderly grandfather built entirely by his own hands over fifty long peaceful years ago.
祖父が50年以上前に自分の手だけで建てた、京都にある小さな古い木造の日本家屋だった。
It is honestly not very expensive luxury brand
name items but rather genuine warm family love that truly really matters most in our daily peaceful Japanese life. — 正直、私たちの日常の平和な日本人の生活で最も本当に大切なのは、高価なブランド品ではなく、真の温かい家族の愛だ。
It was that very heavy unexpected sudden rain last Tuesday evening that honestly forced us to officially cancel our previously planned outdoor company picnic event.
先週火曜日の夕方の予想外の激しい雨こそが、予定していた屋外社員ピクニックを正式に中止せざるを得なくした原因だった。
- It is X that Y (2級 鉄板)
★ 強調 = 主語/目的語/副詞句どれでも可 ★ 人 = who/that、物 = that/which ━ 分裂文 cleft sentence
- 識別キー
★ It is/was で始まる ★ that の後に S なし (省略済) or 動詞直接 ★ that を取り除いても文意が通る (= 強調構文)。本試験 listening: 強調された部分が答えになる頻出