EigoPro 2級 文法 — Quantifiers

数量詞: much + 不可算名詞 / many + 可算名詞複数 / a few + 可算名詞複数 / few + 可算名詞複数 / a little + 不可算名詞 / little + 不可算名詞 / a great deal of + 不可算名詞 / plenty of + 可算/不可算 / a large number of + 可算名詞複数 / some + 名詞 / any + 名詞 / several + 可算名詞複数 / a couple of + 可算名詞複数 / no + 名詞 / none of + the + 複数/不可算 ━ CEFR B2

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この単元の問題を3問、解説つきで公開しています

2級 · 文法 · 全15

1

Unfortunately, my very busy older sister doesn't have very ( ) free time at all these days, because she works extremely long and tiring hours at the large city hospital.

  • a few
  • few
  • many
  • much
Pattern

much + 不可算名詞 (否定・疑問)

2級文法数量詞much 不可算
ひとことで

much + 不可算名詞 = 「多くの〜」、主に否定文・疑問文で。肯定では a lot of が自然。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

much

正解

"Unfortunately, my very busy older sister doesn't have very ( ) free time at all these days, because she works extremely long and tiring hours at the large city hospital" は不可算 + 否定 = 「much」: much + 不可算名詞 (time/money/water/information) = 「多くの〜」、否定文・疑問文・too/so/very の後で使う。ポイント: time は不可算なので much。肯定の平叙文では a lot of が自然 ("I have a lot of time")、否定・疑問で much。2級頻出: 可算 (many) vs 不可算 (much) の選択は数量詞問題の基本。

  • many

    = 可算複数用 ━ time は不可算 ━ many は可算名詞、time は不可算なので much。

  • a few

    = 可算用 ━ 不可算は (a) little/much ━ a few は可算、不可算には使えない。

  • few

    = 可算用 ━ 不可算は little ━ few は可算、不可算は little。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
much + 不可算 (否定)否定文I don't have much money.
How much + 不可算?疑問How much water do we need?
too/so/very much強調後There is too much noise.
a lot of + 不可算 (肯定)肯定で自然I have a lot of time.
文型バリエーション
文型
否定S + don't + V + much + 不可算We don't have much time.
疑問How much + 不可算 + ...?How much sugar do you want?
強調too/so much + 不可算There was so much rain.
例文
  • Unfortunately, my very busy older sister doesn't have very much free time at all these days, because she works extremely long and tiring hours at the large city hospital.

    残念ながら、とても忙しい姉は最近自由な時間がほとんどない、というのも大きな市の病院でとても長く疲れる時間を働いているからだ。

  • How much money do you think we will actually need to save carefully before we can finally afford that wonderful family trip to Europe?

    あの素敵なヨーロッパ家族旅行にようやく手が届く前に、私たちは実際どれくらいのお金を慎重に貯める必要があると思う?

  • There was simply far too much loud noise coming from the busy construction site, so I couldn't concentrate on my difficult work at all.

    忙しい建設現場からあまりにも大きな騒音が出ていたので、私は難しい仕事にまったく集中できなかった。

  • My grandmother always says that there is never quite enough fresh time in a single day to do everything she truly wants to do.

    祖母はいつも、本当にやりたいこと全てをやるには一日の中に十分な時間が決してないと言う。

  • Honestly, I didn't drink very much water at all during the long hot hike, so I became extremely thirsty by the afternoon.

    正直、長く暑いハイキングの間あまり水を飲まなかったので、午後にはひどく喉が渇いた。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ

much (2級 基本) ★ 不可算名詞 + 否定・疑問 ━ time/money/water/information。肯定文 ★ 肯定の平叙文では a lot of が自然 ━ much は too/so/very の後なら肯定でも可。vs many ★ much = 不可算 / many = 可算複数 ━ 名詞の数えられるかで判断。

2

By the way, how ( ) different foreign countries have you actually visited so far during all of your exciting and adventurous overseas travels around the wide world?

  • a little
  • many
  • little
  • much
Pattern

many + 可算名詞複数

2級文法数量詞many 可算
ひとことで

many + 可算名詞複数 = 「多くの〜」、肯定・否定・疑問すべてで使える。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

many

正解

"By the way, how ( ) different foreign countries have you actually visited so far during all of your exciting and adventurous overseas travels around the wide world" は可算複数 = 「many」: many + 可算名詞複数 (countries/people/books/ideas) = 「多くの〜」、肯定・否定・疑問で広く使える。ポイント: countries は可算複数なので many。much は不可算専用。How many + 複数名詞 で数を尋ねる。2級頻出: How many + 可算複数 の疑問文で many を選ばせる定番。

  • much

    = 不可算用 ━ countries は可算 ━ much は不可算、countries は可算なので many。

  • a little

    = 不可算用 ━ 可算は a few ━ a little は不可算、可算には使えない。

  • little

    = 不可算用 ━ 可算は few ━ little は不可算、可算は few。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
many + 可算複数肯定・否定・疑問I have many friends.
How many + 可算複数?疑問How many books do you have?
too/so/very many強調後There were too many people.
many of + the + 複数部分Many of the students agreed.
文型バリエーション
文型
疑問How many + 複数 + ...?How many languages do you speak?
否定S + don't + V + many + 複数I don't have many friends here.
部分many of + the + 複数Many of my colleagues are kind.
例文
  • By the way, how many different foreign countries have you actually visited so far during all of your exciting and adventurous overseas travels around the wide world?

    ところで、世界中を巡るわくわくする冒険的な海外旅行の中で、これまで実際にいくつの異なる外国を訪れたの?

  • There were honestly far too many noisy excited tourists crowding around the famous old temple, so we couldn't take any good photographs.

    正直、有名な古い寺の周りにあまりにも多くの騒がしく興奮した観光客が群がっていたので、良い写真が一枚も撮れなかった。

  • Many of my hardworking colleagues at the busy office have already decided to take their long summer holidays in August this year.

    忙しいオフィスの勤勉な同僚の多くは、今年8月に長い夏休みを取ることをすでに決めている。

  • My curious younger brother asked the patient museum guide so many difficult questions that she finally needed to check her notes.

    好奇心旺盛な弟が辛抱強い博物館ガイドにあまりにも多くの難しい質問をしたので、彼女はついにメモを確認する必要があった。

  • Surprisingly, not many people actually know the fascinating true story behind the building of that beautiful old stone bridge.

    驚くことに、あの美しい古い石橋の建設の背後にある魅力的な実話を実際に知っている人は多くない。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ

many (2級 基本) ★ 可算名詞複数 ━ 肯定・否定・疑問で広く使える。vs much ★ many = 可算複数 / much = 不可算。部分の of ★ many of the + 複数 ━ 特定集団の一部、the/所有格が必要。

3

Don't worry at all about breakfast tomorrow, because we still have ( ) fresh eggs left safely in the refrigerator, so I can easily make a nice warm omelette.

  • little
  • much
  • a little
  • a few
Pattern

a few + 可算名詞複数 (少しある・肯定)

2級文法数量詞a few 肯定
ひとことで

a few + 可算名詞複数 = 「少しの〜 (ある)」肯定的。冠詞 a の有無で意味が逆転。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

a few

正解

"Don't worry at all about breakfast tomorrow, because we still have ( ) fresh eggs left safely in the refrigerator, so I can easily make a nice warm omelette" は可算 + 肯定 = 「a few」: a few + 可算名詞複数 = 「少しは〜がある」肯定的なニュアンス。ポイント: a few = 「少ないが、ある」(肯定)。eggs は可算なので a few。不可算には a little。冠詞 a がつくと肯定的。2級頻出: a few (肯定) vs few (否定) と、可算 (a few) vs 不可算 (a little) の二重判別。

  • a little

    = 不可算用 ━ eggs は可算 ━ a little は不可算、eggs は可算なので a few。

  • much

    = 不可算用 ━ 可算は a few/many ━ much は不可算、可算には使えない。

  • little

    = 不可算 + 否定 ━ 可算肯定は a few ━ little は不可算かつ否定的。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
a few + 可算複数少しある (肯定)I have a few questions.
quite a few + 可算複数かなり多くQuite a few people came.
a few of + the + 複数部分A few of them agreed.
only a few + 可算複数ほんの少しOnly a few seats are left.
文型バリエーション
文型
肯定S + have + a few + 複数We have a few apples left.
かなり多くquite a few + 複数Quite a few students passed.
部分a few of + the + 複数A few of the books were old.
例文
  • Don't worry at all about breakfast tomorrow, because we still have a few fresh eggs left safely in the refrigerator, so I can easily make a nice warm omelette.

    明日の朝食は全く心配しないで、というのも冷蔵庫にまだ新鮮な卵が少し残っているので、温かくおいしいオムレツを簡単に作れるから。

  • I only need a few more quiet minutes to finish reading this fascinating chapter, and then we can leave for the station together.

    この面白い章を読み終えるのにあと静かな数分だけ必要で、それから一緒に駅へ出発できる。

  • Quite a few of my close old school friends have already moved away to live and work in distant foreign cities.

    親しい昔の学校の友人のかなり多くが、すでに遠い外国の都市で暮らし働くために引っ越してしまった。

  • My grandmother kindly gave me a few useful pieces of advice about how to grow healthy vegetables in a small garden.

    祖母は小さな庭で健康な野菜を育てる方法について、役立つ助言をいくつか親切にくれた。

  • There are still a few empty seats near the back of the crowded theater, so we should be able to sit together.

    混雑した劇場の後方近くにまだ空席が少しあるので、私たちは一緒に座れるはずだ。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ

a few (2級 基本) ★ 可算複数 + 肯定「少しはある」。vs few ★ a few = 肯定 (ある) / few = 否定 (ほとんどない) ━ 冠詞 a で意味逆転。vs a little ★ a few = 可算 / a little = 不可算。quite a few ★ = かなり多く (意外と多い)。

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