問 1
I have lived here （ ） five years.
- for
- during
- from
- since
have/has + 過去分詞 + for + 期間 (〜の間ずっと)
for + 期間 = 「〜の間」 ━ 継続の長さを表す。"for five years" (5年間)、"for a long time" (長い間)。
"I have lived here ~ five years." は5年間の継続 = 「for」。for + 期間 = 「〜の間ずっと」 ━ 継続の長さ (期間の長さ) を表す。for two hours (2時間), for three days (3日間), for a week (1週間), for five years (5年間)。重要対比: for + 期間 (5 years) / since + 時点 (2020)。
「since」
= since は時点用 ━ 期間 (5 years) は for。
「from」
= from は出発点 ━ 期間の継続は for。
「during」
= during は特定期間 ━ 「〜の間ずっと」は for。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| for + 期間 (時間) | for two hours | I have studied for two hours. |
| for + 期間 (日数) | for three days | She has been here for three days. |
| for + 期間 (週) | for a week | He has lived here for a week. |
| for + 期間 (年) | for five years | I have known him for five years. |
| for + 期間 (長い時間) | for a long time | We have been friends for a long time. |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 継続肯定 | S + have/has + p.p. + for + 期間 | I have lived here for 5 years. |
| 継続否定 | S + have/has not + p.p. + for + 期間 | I haven't seen him for a year. |
| 継続疑問 | How long have S + p.p. ? | How long have you lived here? |
I have lived here for five years.
ここに5年間住んでいる。
She has worked at this company for ten years.
彼女はこの会社で10年働いている。
We have known each other for a long time.
私たちは長い間知り合いだ。
My father has been sick for a week.
父は1週間ずっと体調が悪い。
They have studied English for six years.
彼らは英語を6年勉強している。
for + 期間 の例 (3級頻出) ━ ★ 時間: for an hour (1時間), for two hours (2時間), for hours (何時間も) ★ 日数: for a day (1日), for three days (3日間), for days (何日も) ★ 週: for a week (1週間), for two weeks (2週間) ★ 月: for a month (1ヶ月), for six months (半年) ★ 年: for a year (1年), for ten years (10年), for ages (長年) ★ 抽象: for a long time (長い間), for a while (しばらく), for ever (永遠に)。