問 1
It is very （ ） today. Take an umbrella with you.
✓"Take an umbrella" は傘 = 「雨」。
·
▦Collocation
| パターン | 意味 | 例 |
|---|
| a rainy day | 雨の日 | It's a rainy day. |
| rainy season | 梅雨 | June is the rainy season. |
| rainy weather | 雨の天気 | Rainy weather is sad. |
| get caught in the rain | 雨に降られる | I got caught in the rain. |
| a rainy afternoon | 雨の午後 | We spent a rainy afternoon at home. |
❝例文
1It is very rainy today. Take an umbrella with you.
今日はとても雨。傘を持って行って。
2Rainy days make me feel sleepy.
雨の日は眠くなる。
3The rainy season starts in June in Japan.
日本では梅雨が6月に始まる。
·
rainy = 雨の (rain + -y で形容詞化)。umbrella = 傘。take + 物 + with + 人 = 「(物) を (人) と共に持っていく」(慣用)。雨の表現 ―― It is rainy / It is raining / It rains。
問 2
In summer, the temperature （ ） very high in Japan.
rises — 「上がる
/三単/」
📐4級●語彙●天気●動詞
✓"temperature ... very high" は気温上昇 = 「気温が上がる」。主語 temperature → 三単。
·
▦Collocation
| パターン | 意味 | 例 |
|---|
| temperature rises | 気温が上がる | Temperature rises in summer. |
| the sun rises | 日が昇る | The sun rises in the east. |
| prices rise | 価格が上がる | Prices rise every year. |
| rise early | 早起きする | I rise early every morning. |
| rise to the top | 頂点に登る | She rose to the top of her career. |
❝例文
1In summer, the temperature rises very high in Japan.
夏には日本の気温がとても高くなる。
2The sun rises around 6 a.m. in summer.
夏は朝6時頃に日が昇る。
3Bread rises when you bake it.
パンは焼くと膨らむ (rise する)。
·
rise → rose → risen (不規則自動詞、「上がる」)。raise → raised → raised (規則他動詞、「〜を上げる」) との混同注意。temperature rises / falls / drops が気温変化の定型。
問 3
There is a （ ） outside. We cannot see well.
✓"cannot see well" は視界不良 = 「霧」。
·
▦Collocation
| パターン | 意味 | 例 |
|---|
| heavy fog | 濃霧 | Heavy fog covered the city. |
| foggy weather | 霧の天気 | Foggy weather is dangerous. |
| morning fog | 朝霧 | Morning fog is beautiful. |
| driving in fog | 霧の中を運転 | Driving in fog is hard. |
| fog horn | 霧笛 | We heard a fog horn. |
❝例文
1There is a fog outside. We cannot see well.
外は霧。よく見えない。
2San Francisco is famous for its fog.
サンフランシスコは霧で有名。
3Fog often appears in valleys at dawn.
霧は谷で夜明けによく現れる。
·
fog /fɔːɡ/ = 霧 (不可算)。foggy = 霧の (形容詞、fog + -gy)。mist = 薄い霧 / 霞、haze = もや。heavy fog / thick fog = 濃霧 (heavy/thick が「濃さ」を表す)。