問 1
He said ( ) he was tired.
- that
- if
- what
- which
S + said + (that) + S + V (平叙文の間接話法)
「〜と言った」の間接話法は said (that) + 主語 + 動詞 で表す。that は省略可能。
"He said ~ he was tired." は間接話法の接続詞 = 「that」。間接話法 (Indirect Speech) の平叙文は said (that) + 主語 + 動詞 の構造。that の役割: said の目的語となる文を導く接続詞 ("〜ということ")。that は省略可能 (会話では省略が普通)。直接話法: "He said, 'I am tired.'" → 間接話法: "He said (that) he was tired." (時制が現在 → 過去にずれる = backshift)。
「which」
= 関係代名詞用 ━ 間接話法の接続詞は that。
「what」
= 疑問詞は別用法 ━ 平叙文の間接話法は that。
「if」
= if は yes/no 疑問用 ━ 平叙文は that。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 直接話法 | S + said, "発言" | He said, "I am tired." |
| 間接話法 (平叙) | S + said (that) + S + V | He said (that) he was tired. |
| 時制の一致 | 現在 → 過去 | am → was, like → liked |
| 人称の変化 | I → he/she, you → I | He said "I" → he said he |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | S + said that + S + V | He said that he was happy. |
| 否定 | S + said that + S + didn't + V | He said that he didn't know. |
| that 省略 | S + said + S + V | He said he was tired. |
He said that he was tired.
彼は疲れていると言った。
She told me that she liked sushi.
彼女は寿司が好きだと教えてくれた。
Tom said that his sister was a doctor.
Tomは姉が医者だと言った。
My mother said that dinner was ready.
母は夕食ができたと言った。
They said that they would come.
彼らは来ると言った。
- 直接話法 → 間接話法の3大変化
★ ① 引用符を消す + that で繋ぐ: "I am tired" → that he was tired ★ ② 時制を1段階過去にずらす (backshift): 現在 → 過去 (am→was, eat→ate)、will → would、can → could、未来 → 過去未来 ★ ③ 人称代名詞を視点に合わせて変える: "I" → he/she、"you" → I/me、"my" → his/her
- that の省略
会話では省略するのが普通だが、テストでは書いておくと安全
- said vs told の違い
said (that) S V (目的語不要) / told me that S V (人の目的語が必要)