問 1
If I had studied harder, I ( ) passed the exam.
- would have
- will have
- would
- had
If S + had + p.p., S + would have + p.p.
「If I had studied harder, I (would have) passed the exam.」— もっと勉強していれば試験に合格したのに。
「would have」
正解仮定法過去完了の主節は would have + p.p.。
「will have」
= 未来完了 ━ 仮定法過去完了では would have。
「had」
= 過去完了 ━ 主節は would have。
「would」
= would + V (仮定法過去) ━ 過去完了の主節は would have + p.p.。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| If S + had + p.p., S + would have + p.p. | 基本形 | If I had studied, I would have passed. |
| If S + had + p.p., S + could have + p.p. | could (能力) | If she had tried, she could have won. |
| I wish + S + had + p.p. | wish + 仮定法 | I wish I had said yes. |
| 否定: If S + had not + p.p. | 否定形 | If I had not been there, ... |
| Should/Could/Would + have + p.p. | 後悔・推量 | I should have called. |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 仮定法過去完了 (過去反対) | If S + had + p.p., S + would have + p.p. | If I had studied, I would have passed. |
| wish + 仮定法過去完了 | I wish + S + had + p.p. | I wish I had told the truth. |
| If only | If only + S + had + p.p. | If only I had listened! |
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
もっと勉強していれば、試験に合格したのに。
If she had asked, I would have helped.
尋ねてくれていれば、助けたのに。
If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
もっと早く出ていれば、電車に間に合ったのに。
If he had known, he would have come.
知っていれば、来ていたのに。
If you had told me, I would have understood.
教えてくれていれば、理解したのに。
仮定法過去完了 (準2級必修) ━ ★ 意味: 過去の事実に反する仮定 (過去の後悔・想像) / ★ 形: If + S + had + p.p., S + would/could/should have + p.p. / ★ 後悔: should have + p.p. = 〜すべきだった (実際にはしなかった)。━━ 仮定法過去 vs 仮定法過去完了 ━━ ★ "If I were rich, I would buy a car." (現在の事実反対) / ★ "If I had been rich, I would have bought a car." (過去の事実反対)。