EigoPro 準2級 文法 — 倒置

準2級フォーマット (4択15問) 倒置 — 否定的副詞 (Never/Hardly/Seldom/Rarely/No sooner/Only) を文頭に置くと助動詞 + 主語の順に。CEFR B1。

15問合格 60%以上普通

新規登録 または ログイン が必要です

この単元の問題を3問、解説つきで公開しています

準2級 · 文法 · 全15

1

Never ( ) such a beautiful sunset.

  • I have seen
  • did I see
  • have I seen
  • I saw
Pattern

Never + 助動詞 + S + V

準2級文法倒置Never
ひとことで

「Never (have I seen) such a beautiful sunset.」— 一度も見たことがない (否定副詞 Never 文頭で倒置)。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

have I seen

正解

Never (否定副詞) を文頭に置くと、後ろは 助動詞 + 主語 の倒置。★ 元の文: "I have never seen ~" → "Never have I seen ~"。

  • I have seen

    = 通常語順 ━ Never が文頭の時は倒置必須。

  • did I see

    = do/did + S 倒置 ━ Never have が現在完了の形。

  • I saw

    = 通常過去 ━ Never は通常完了形と相性が良い。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
Never + 助動詞 + S + V否定副詞前置 (現在完了)Never have I seen ~
Hardly + 助動詞 + S + VHardly ~ whenHardly had I left when ~
Not only + 助動詞 + S, but also ~Not onlyNot only is she smart, but ~
Only + 副詞 + 助動詞 + S + VOnly 後の倒置Only after ~ did I realize ~
So + 形容詞 + be + SSo + 形容詞 倒置So delicious was the food ~
文型バリエーション
文型
否定副詞 (Never/Seldom)Never/Seldom + 助動詞 + S + VNever have I tried this.
Hardly/ScarcelyHardly + had + S + p.p. + whenHardly had I entered when ~
Only + 副詞Only + 副詞句 + did + S + VOnly then did I understand.
例文
  • Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.

    あんな美しい夕日は見たことがありません。

  • Never have I tasted such delicious food.

    あんなに美味しい食事を食べたことがありません。

  • Never has she lied to me.

    彼女は私に嘘をついたことがありません。

  • Never have we met such a kind person.

    あんなに親切な人に会ったことがありません。

  • Never will I forget this day.

    この日を忘れません。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ

倒置 (準2級必修) ━ ★ 否定的な副詞 (Never/Hardly/Seldom/Rarely/Not only/Only/Little) を文頭 に置くと、後ろの主語と助動詞が 入れ替わる (疑問文と同じ語順)。★ 例: "I have never seen this." → "Never have I seen this."━━ よくある倒置誘発副詞 ━━ ★ Never, Seldom, Rarely, Hardly, Scarcely, No sooner, Little (= ほとんど〜ない) / ★ Not only ~, but also / Only + 副詞句 (only by working hard) / ★ Under no circumstances, In no way (強い否定)。━━ Hardly/Scarcely ~ when の構文 ━━ ★ "Hardly had I + p.p. + when + S + 過去形" = 〜するや否や〜した。

2

Hardly ( ) the room when the phone rang.

  • I entered
  • I had entered
  • did I enter
  • had I entered
Pattern

Hardly + had + S + p.p. + when

準2級文法倒置Hardly ~ when
ひとことで

「Hardly (had I entered) the room when the phone rang.」— 部屋に入るや否や電話が鳴った。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

had I entered

正解

Hardly + had + S + p.p. + when + 過去形 = 〜するや否や〜した。★ 元の文: "I had hardly entered ~ when ~" → "Hardly had I entered ~ when ~"。

  • I had entered

    = 通常語順 ━ Hardly 文頭時は倒置。

  • I entered

    = 通常過去 ━ Hardly ~ when は過去完了と組合せ。

  • did I enter

    = do/did 倒置 ━ Hardly は had/have の倒置。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
Never + 助動詞 + S + V否定副詞前置 (現在完了)Never have I seen ~
Hardly + 助動詞 + S + VHardly ~ whenHardly had I left when ~
Not only + 助動詞 + S, but also ~Not onlyNot only is she smart, but ~
Only + 副詞 + 助動詞 + S + VOnly 後の倒置Only after ~ did I realize ~
So + 形容詞 + be + SSo + 形容詞 倒置So delicious was the food ~
文型バリエーション
文型
否定副詞 (Never/Seldom)Never/Seldom + 助動詞 + S + VNever have I tried this.
Hardly/ScarcelyHardly + had + S + p.p. + whenHardly had I entered when ~
Only + 副詞Only + 副詞句 + did + S + VOnly then did I understand.
例文
  • Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.

    部屋に入るや否や電話が鳴りました。

  • Hardly had we sat down when it started raining.

    座るや否や雨が降り出しました。

  • Hardly had she finished her speech when the audience applauded.

    演説を終えるや否や観衆が拍手しました。

  • Hardly had the train left when I realized I forgot my bag.

    電車が出るや否やバッグを忘れたと気づきました。

  • Hardly had he closed the door when someone knocked.

    ドアを閉めるや否やノックの音がしました。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ

倒置 (準2級必修) ━ ★ 否定的な副詞 (Never/Hardly/Seldom/Rarely/Not only/Only/Little) を文頭 に置くと、後ろの主語と助動詞が 入れ替わる (疑問文と同じ語順)。★ 例: "I have never seen this." → "Never have I seen this."━━ よくある倒置誘発副詞 ━━ ★ Never, Seldom, Rarely, Hardly, Scarcely, No sooner, Little (= ほとんど〜ない) / ★ Not only ~, but also / Only + 副詞句 (only by working hard) / ★ Under no circumstances, In no way (強い否定)。━━ Hardly/Scarcely ~ when の構文 ━━ ★ "Hardly had I + p.p. + when + S + 過去形" = 〜するや否や〜した。

3

Not only ( ) very smart but also kind.

  • does she
  • she is
  • she was
  • is she
Pattern

Not only + 助動詞 + S + V

準2級文法倒置Not only
ひとことで

「Not only (is she) very smart but also kind.」— 賢いだけでなく親切。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

is she

正解

Not only + 助動詞/be 動詞 + S の倒置。★ 元の文: "She is not only smart but also kind." → "Not only is she smart but also kind."。

  • she is

    = 通常語順 ━ Not only が文頭時は倒置。

  • does she

    = do/does 倒置 ━ be 動詞は is/was で倒置。

  • she was

    = 通常過去 ━ 現在の状態なので is。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
Never + 助動詞 + S + V否定副詞前置 (現在完了)Never have I seen ~
Hardly + 助動詞 + S + VHardly ~ whenHardly had I left when ~
Not only + 助動詞 + S, but also ~Not onlyNot only is she smart, but ~
Only + 副詞 + 助動詞 + S + VOnly 後の倒置Only after ~ did I realize ~
So + 形容詞 + be + SSo + 形容詞 倒置So delicious was the food ~
文型バリエーション
文型
否定副詞 (Never/Seldom)Never/Seldom + 助動詞 + S + VNever have I tried this.
Hardly/ScarcelyHardly + had + S + p.p. + whenHardly had I entered when ~
Only + 副詞Only + 副詞句 + did + S + VOnly then did I understand.
例文
  • Not only is she very smart but also kind.

    彼女は賢いだけでなく親切です。

  • Not only does he speak English, but also French.

    彼は英語だけでなくフランス語も話します。

  • Not only is this restaurant cheap, but the food is also delicious.

    ここは安いだけでなく料理も美味しいです。

  • Not only did they win, but also broke the record.

    彼らは勝っただけでなく記録も破りました。

  • Not only is she beautiful, but also intelligent.

    彼女は美しいだけでなく知性的です。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ

倒置 (準2級必修) ━ ★ 否定的な副詞 (Never/Hardly/Seldom/Rarely/Not only/Only/Little) を文頭 に置くと、後ろの主語と助動詞が 入れ替わる (疑問文と同じ語順)。★ 例: "I have never seen this." → "Never have I seen this."━━ よくある倒置誘発副詞 ━━ ★ Never, Seldom, Rarely, Hardly, Scarcely, No sooner, Little (= ほとんど〜ない) / ★ Not only ~, but also / Only + 副詞句 (only by working hard) / ★ Under no circumstances, In no way (強い否定)。━━ Hardly/Scarcely ~ when の構文 ━━ ★ "Hardly had I + p.p. + when + S + 過去形" = 〜するや否や〜した。

残り12問は、解いて確かめられます

15問すべてに、この形式の解説が付いています。 間違えた問題は記録され、あとから復習できます。

無料で登録して続きを解く

インストール不要・カード登録なし・いま全機能無料