問 1
Never ( ) such a beautiful sunset.
- I have seen
- did I see
- have I seen
- I saw
Never + 助動詞 + S + V
「Never (have I seen) such a beautiful sunset.」— 一度も見たことがない (否定副詞 Never 文頭で倒置)。
「have I seen」
正解Never (否定副詞) を文頭に置くと、後ろは 助動詞 + 主語 の倒置。★ 元の文: "I have never seen ~" → "Never have I seen ~"。
「I have seen」
= 通常語順 ━ Never が文頭の時は倒置必須。
「did I see」
= do/did + S 倒置 ━ Never have が現在完了の形。
「I saw」
= 通常過去 ━ Never は通常完了形と相性が良い。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| Never + 助動詞 + S + V | 否定副詞前置 (現在完了) | Never have I seen ~ |
| Hardly + 助動詞 + S + V | Hardly ~ when | Hardly had I left when ~ |
| Not only + 助動詞 + S, but also ~ | Not only | Not only is she smart, but ~ |
| Only + 副詞 + 助動詞 + S + V | Only 後の倒置 | Only after ~ did I realize ~ |
| So + 形容詞 + be + S | So + 形容詞 倒置 | So delicious was the food ~ |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 否定副詞 (Never/Seldom) | Never/Seldom + 助動詞 + S + V | Never have I tried this. |
| Hardly/Scarcely | Hardly + had + S + p.p. + when | Hardly had I entered when ~ |
| Only + 副詞 | Only + 副詞句 + did + S + V | Only then did I understand. |
Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
あんな美しい夕日は見たことがありません。
Never have I tasted such delicious food.
あんなに美味しい食事を食べたことがありません。
Never has she lied to me.
彼女は私に嘘をついたことがありません。
Never have we met such a kind person.
あんなに親切な人に会ったことがありません。
Never will I forget this day.
この日を忘れません。
倒置 (準2級必修) ━ ★ 否定的な副詞 (Never/Hardly/Seldom/Rarely/Not only/Only/Little) を文頭 に置くと、後ろの主語と助動詞が 入れ替わる (疑問文と同じ語順)。★ 例: "I have never seen this." → "Never have I seen this."━━ よくある倒置誘発副詞 ━━ ★ Never, Seldom, Rarely, Hardly, Scarcely, No sooner, Little (= ほとんど〜ない) / ★ Not only ~, but also / Only + 副詞句 (only by working hard) / ★ Under no circumstances, In no way (強い否定)。━━ Hardly/Scarcely ~ when の構文 ━━ ★ "Hardly had I + p.p. + when + S + 過去形" = 〜するや否や〜した。