問 1
He said that he ( ) tired.
- are
- was
- is
- has
He said + S + 過去形
「He said that he (was) tired.」— 元の文 "I am tired" を間接話法に。is → was。
「was」
正解主節 said (過去) に合わせて that 節は 一段時制下降。元の "am" → "was"。
「is」
= 現在 ━ 間接話法では過去 (was)。
「are」
= 現在複数 ━ he は単数主語、was。
「has」
= 現在完了助動詞 ━ be 動詞は was。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 主節 said → that 節は時制下降 | 現在 → 過去 | is → was |
| 現在完了 → 過去完了 | have/has + p.p. → had + p.p. | has gone → had gone |
| 過去 → 過去完了 | V-ed → had + p.p. | saw → had seen |
| will/can → would/could | 未来・可能 → 過去形助動詞 | will → would, can → could |
| 普遍の真理は時制不変 | the earth is round | is のまま |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 時制一致 (現在→過去) | He said + (that) + 過去形 | He said he was tired. |
| 時制一致 (現完→過完) | She said + (that) + had + p.p. | She said she had finished. |
| 助動詞 (will→would) | They told + (that) + would + V | They said they would come. |
He said that he was tired.
彼は疲れていると言いました。
She told me she was busy.
彼女は忙しいと言いました。
They said they were hungry.
彼らはお腹が空いていると言いました。
My friend said she was excited about the trip.
友達は旅行が楽しみだと言いました。
The teacher said the test was difficult.
先生は試験が難しいと言いました。
間接話法 時制の一致 (準2級必修) ━ ★ 主節が過去 (said/told/asked) のとき、that 節の時制は 一段下降 する: 現在 → 過去 / 現在完了 → 過去完了 / 過去 → 過去完了 / will → would / can → could。━━ 例外: 普遍の真理・現在も変わらない事実は時制不変 ━━ ★ "He said the earth is round." / ★ "She told me she likes coffee." (今も好き) — 文脈で柔軟。━━ 疑問文の間接話法 ━━ ★ "Where are you from?" → "He asked where I was from." (疑問詞 + S + V の語順)。★ Yes/No 疑問は if/whether: "Do you like it?" → "He asked if I liked it."