問 1
If I had a million dollars, I （ ） a big house in Tokyo.
- will buy
- buy
- bought
- would buy
If + 過去形, 主語 + would + 動詞原形 (仮定法過去)
If + 過去形, 主語 + would + 動詞原形 = 「もし(今)〜なら、…するのに」。現在の事実と反対の仮定。
"If I had a million dollars, I ~ a big house in Tokyo" は現在の事実 (お金がない) と反対の仮定 ━ 主節は 「would buy」。仮定法過去 (Second Conditional): 現在の事実と反対の仮定。形: If + 過去形, 主語 + would/could/might + 動詞原形。例: If I were rich, I would travel the world. = もし金持ちなら世界を旅するのに (実際は金持ちではない)。準2級プラスの罠: be 動詞は人称に関わらず were が標準 (was も口語で可)。
「buy」
= 現在形 ━ 仮定法主節は would/could + 動詞原形。
「will buy」
= 第1条件文の主節 ━ 現実的な未来の条件には will、現在の事実と反対なら would。
「bought」
= 過去形 ━ if 節は過去形、主節は would + 動詞原形。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| If + 一般動詞過去形, would + V | 現在の仮定 | If I had time, I would help. |
| If + were, would + V | be 動詞は were 推奨 | If I were you, I would study. |
| could/might も可 | 可能性・推量 | If I had time, I could help. |
| 条件文の種類 | 第1=現実 / 第2=現在仮定 / 第3=過去仮定 | if + 現在 / 過去 / 過去完了 |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 仮定法過去 (現在) | If + 過去形, would + V | If I had money, I would buy it. |
| If I were | be は were | If I were you, I would go. |
| could/might | 可能性表現 | If I tried, I could win. |
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house in Tokyo.
もし100万ドルあれば、東京に大きな家を買うのに。
If I were you, I would study English every day.
もし私があなたなら、毎日英語を勉強するのに。
If she knew his number, she would call him right now.
もし彼の番号を知っていれば、今すぐ電話するのに。
If we lived in Paris, we could go to the Louvre every weekend.
パリに住んでいれば毎週末ルーブルに行けるのに。
If he had more time, he might join us for dinner.
もっと時間があれば、彼は夕食に加わるかもしれないのに。
- 第1条件文 vs 仮定法過去 (準2級プラス頻出の最重要区別)
★ 第1条件 (現実的未来): If + 現在形, will + V (If it rains, I will stay.) ★ 仮定法過去 (現在の事実と反対): If + 過去形, would + V (If I had money, I would buy.) ━ 実現可能性 (現実 vs 非現実) で選ぶ
- be は were が標準
★ If I were you (○、正式) / If I was you (○、口語) ━ 学校英語では were、口語では was も普通
- would/could/might の使い分け
★ would = 〜するのに (主観) ★ could = 〜できるのに (能力) ★ might = 〜するかもしれないのに (推量) ━ 助動詞でニュアンスを調整