EigoPro 準2級プラス 文法 — 倒置

否定副詞文頭 (Never/Hardly/Rarely/Little/Not only)、Hardly when / No sooner than、if 省略 (Were/Had/Should)、Only + 副詞、So/Such 倒置、Here/There + V + 名詞、Neither/So + 助 + S (同意)、場所句倒置、間接疑問 (倒置なし)、感嘆文、Down/Up + V + S、口語強調、総合 (CEFR B1 transitional)

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この単元の問題を3問、解説つきで公開しています

準2級プラス · 文法 · 全15問

問 1

Never （　） seen such a beautiful sunset before in my entire life.

  • have I
  • did I
  • I had
  • I have
Pattern

Never have I + pp

準2級プラス文法倒置否定副詞
⚡ひとことで

Never + 助動詞 + S + V = 否定副詞が文頭に来ると倒置 (語順逆転)。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis
正解

"Never ~ seen such a beautiful sunset before" は否定副詞文頭倒置 = 「have I」。否定副詞の文頭倒置: Never / Hardly / Rarely / Seldom / Little / No sooner / Not only など否定的副詞が文頭に来ると、後ろは 疑問文の語順 (助動詞 + S + V)。

  • 「I have」

    = 倒置なら助動詞 + S ━ Never + have + I。

  • 「did I」

    = 現在完了なら have ━ have I が正しい。

  • 「I had」

    = 過去完了なら had I ━ 現在完了なら have I。

▦活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
形マーカー例
Never + have/has + S + pp現在完了Never have I seen it.
Hardly had + S + pp + when過去完了Hardly had I left when...
Little + did + S + V過去Little did I know...
Not only + 助 + S + V強調Not only did he come, but...
▦文型バリエーション
文型形例
Never (現在完了)Never + have + S + ppNever have I done that.
Hardly (過去完了)Hardly had + S + ppHardly had I arrived...
Little (過去)Little + did + S + VLittle did I expect.
❝例文

  • Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset before in my entire life.

    こんな美しい夕日を人生で見たことがない。

  • Rarely do we get a chance like this.

    こんな機会はめったにない。

  • Hardly had I left the house when it started to rain.

    家を出るやいなや雨が降り始めた。

  • Not only did he win the race, but he also broke the record.

    彼はレースに勝っただけでなく記録も破った。

  • Little did I know that my life would change forever that day.

    その日、人生が永遠に変わると思いもしなかった。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • 否定副詞の文頭倒置 (準2級プラス上級頻出)

    ★ Never / Hardly / Rarely / Seldom / Little / No sooner / Not only ━ 文頭に来ると疑問文の語順 (助動詞 + S + V)

  • 文学・スピーチで頻出

    強調的・劇的な響き

  • Little did I know

    ★ 「思いもしなかった」、物語の鉄板

問 2

Hardly had I sat down （　） the phone started ringing loudly.

  • before
  • then
  • than
  • when
Pattern

Hardly/Scarcely had + S + pp + when/before

準2級プラス文法倒置〜するやいなや
⚡ひとことで

Hardly/Scarcely had + S + pp + when/before + S + 過去形 = 「〜するやいなや…」の倒置構文。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis
正解

"Hardly had I sat down ~ the phone rang" は「〜するやいなや」 = 「when」。3つの同義構文: ★ Hardly had S + pp + when + S + 過去形 ★ Scarcely had S + pp + when + S + 過去形 ★ No sooner had S + pp + than + S + 過去形 ━ hardly/scarcely は when、no sooner は than と組む。

  • 「than」

    = than は no sooner と組む ━ hardly には when。

  • 「then」

    = 接続詞ではない ━ when が必要。

  • 「before」

    = before も可だが when が標準 ━ when が最も自然。

▦活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
形マーカー例
Hardly had + S + pp + when標準Hardly had I left when...
Scarcely had + S + pp + when同義Scarcely had I sat down when...
No sooner had + S + pp + thanno sooner 用No sooner had I arrived than...
As soon as + 過去 (代替)通常語順As soon as I sat down, the phone rang.
▦文型バリエーション
文型形例
hardly + whenHardly had S pp when S V (過去)Hardly had I left when it rained.
no sooner + thanNo sooner had S pp than S VNo sooner had I arrived than...
通常構文As soon as + 過去As soon as I left, ...
❝例文

  • Hardly had I sat down when the phone started ringing loudly.

    座るやいなや電話が大きく鳴り始めた。

  • Scarcely had we arrived at the airport when our flight was announced.

    空港に着くやいなや、フライトが告知された。

  • No sooner had I closed the door than someone knocked on it.

    ドアを閉めるやいなや誰かがノックした。

  • Hardly had the rain stopped when the sun came out.

    雨が止むやいなや太陽が出てきた。

  • No sooner had he finished his speech than the audience applauded.

    彼が演説を終えるやいなや聴衆が拍手した。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • Hardly when vs No sooner than (準2級プラス上級頻出の罠)

    ★ Hardly/Scarcely + when ★ No sooner + than ━ ペアを混同しない、本試験 reading 上級鉄板

  • 通常構文との互換

    ★ As soon as ~ で同義、より口語的

問 3

Not only （　） speak French, but she also speaks German fluently.

  • does she
  • she does
  • she has
  • does have
Pattern

Not only A but also B (倒置)

準2級プラス文法倒置Not only
⚡ひとことで

Not only + 助動詞 + S + V, but (also) + S + V = 「Aだけでなく B も」の倒置強調。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis
正解

"Not only ~ speak French, but she also speaks German fluently" は Not only 倒置 = 「does she」。Not only A but also B: 通常は She speaks not only French but also German. を強調すると Not only が文頭、後ろは倒置 (助動詞 + S + V)。一般動詞は do/does/did。

  • 「she does」

    = 倒置は助動詞 + S ━ does + she。

  • 「does have」

    = have ではなく speak ━ does she speak (現在三単現)。

  • 「she has」

    = 現在完了ではない ━ 現在形なので does she。

▦活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
形マーカー例
Not only + 助 + S + V, but also + S + V強調Not only does he sing, but he dances.
Not only ... but (also) ...通常語順He not only sings but also dances.
Both A and B (同義)肯定的並列He both sings and dances.
As well as (同義)並列He sings as well as dances.
▦文型バリエーション
文型形例
倒置強調Not only + 助 + S + V, but also S VNot only did he win, but he also...
通常語順S + not only V but also VShe not only sings but dances.
否定的並列 Neither ~ nor両方否定Neither A nor B
❝例文

  • Not only does she speak French, but she also speaks German fluently.

    彼女はフランス語だけでなく、ドイツ語も流暢に話す。

  • Not only is he a great teacher, but he is also a published author.

    彼は素晴らしい教師であるだけでなく、出版された著者でもある。

  • Not only did we miss the train, but we also lost our tickets.

    電車を逃しただけでなく、チケットも失くした。

  • Not only has she traveled to many countries, but she has also learned multiple languages.

    彼女は多くの国を旅しただけでなく、複数の言語も学んだ。

  • Not only do I enjoy reading, but I also love writing stories.

    私は読書が好きなだけでなく、物語を書くのも大好きだ。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • Not only ~ but also ~ の倒置 (準2級プラス上級頻出)

    ★ Not only が文頭 → 助動詞 + S + V の倒置 ★ but (also) + S + V は通常語順 ━ 強調表現、本試験 reading 上級頻出

  • 動詞の種類で助動詞

    ★ be 動詞 → is/was/are ★ 助動詞 → can/will/have ★ 一般動詞 → do/does/did ━ 倒置に必要な助動詞を補う

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