問 1
( ) he studied very hard, he didn't pass the difficult entrance exam.
- Even though
- Because
- In spite of
- Despite
although/even though (譲歩)
although / even though + 節 = 「〜だが」(譲歩)。even though は although の強調版。
"( ) he studied very hard, he didn't pass the difficult entrance exam" は強い譲歩 = 「Even though」。although vs even though vs though: ★ although = 標準 ★ even though = 強調 (より強い対比) ★ though = 口語、文末も可 (He didn't pass, though.) ━ 全て節を取る。
「Despite」
= Despite + 名詞、節なら although/even though ━ 節には even though。
「In spite of」
= 前置詞、節は取らない ━ even though。
「Because」
= 原因、文意は譲歩 ━ even though。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| although + 節 | 標準譲歩 | Although he tried, ... |
| even though + 節 | 強い譲歩 | Even though he tried, ... |
| though + 節 (口語) | 文末も可 | He tried hard, though. |
| despite/in spite of + 名詞 | 前置詞 | Despite his effort, ... |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| although | Although + 節, 主節 | Although it rained, we went. |
| even though | Even though + 節, 主節 | Even though it rained, we went. |
| 対比 (despite + 名詞) | Despite + N, 主節 | Despite the rain, we went. |
Even though he studied very hard, he didn't pass the difficult entrance exam.
とても懸命に勉強したが、難しい入試に合格しなかった。
Although she is only 12 years old, she speaks three languages fluently.
彼女はまだ12歳だが、3ヶ国語を流暢に話す。
He went to work, though he was feeling ill that morning. (口語、文末)
その朝具合が悪かったが、彼は仕事に行った。
Despite the heavy rain, the outdoor concert continued as planned.
大雨にもかかわらず、屋外コンサートは予定通り続いた (despite + 名詞)。
Even though we tried our best, we still lost the championship game.
ベストを尽くしたが、決勝戦に負けた。
although vs even though vs though (準2級プラス頻出) ━ ★ although = 標準 ★ even though = 強調 ★ though = 口語 (文末可) ━ 全て節を取る、対比は despite + 名詞句。