although vs despite vs in spite of の絶対区別 (3級超頻出ひっかけ)
although + S + V (節): "although it rained"
despite + 名詞: "despite the rain"
in spite of + 名詞 (=despite): "in spite of the rain"
although は節を、despite/in spite of は名詞句を取る。though の文末用法
"It's hard, though." = でも難しい (口語の付け足し、文末専用 = however の口語版)。
even though = たとえ〜でも (although より強い譲歩、明確な事実)。
as though = as if = まるで〜のように (仮定法)。
although だけで節を省略
"Although tired, she continued." = (although she was) tired (現在分詞風の縮約、ややフォーマル)。