問 1
If I （ ） enough money, I would buy a new house near the beach.
- am having
- had
- have
- would have
If + S + 過去形, S + would + 原形 (仮定法過去)
If + 過去形 → would 原形 = 現在の事実に反する仮定。「もし〜なら…するのに」。
「had」
正解"If I ~ enough money, I would buy a new house" は現在の事実 (今お金がない) に反する仮定 = 仮定法過去。形: If + S + 過去形, S + would/could/might + 原形。ポイント: 時制は「過去」だが意味は「現在」 ━ 過去形は「距離 (現実から離れた仮想)」を示す。2級頻出: 仮定法過去は B2 の登竜門、reading/listening/writing 全 part で必出。
「have」
= 現在形 ━ 直説法 (本当に持っている時に使う) ━ 仮定法過去は過去形 had、現在形は事実。
「would have」
= 過去形 ━ 仮定法過去完了 (had + pp と組む) ━ If + would have は誤り、If 節は単純過去。
「am having」
= 進行形 ━ 仮定法には進行形は通常不使用 ━ If I were having money は不自然、状態動詞は単純形。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| If I/he/she/it + 過去形 | 全人称同じ過去形 | If I had money / If she had money |
| If + were (全人称) | be 動詞は were で統一 (formal) | If I were rich / If he were here |
| 帰結節: would + 原形 | 「〜するのに」 | I would buy a new car |
| 帰結節: could/might + 原形 | 「〜できるのに/かもしれない」 | I could travel / might call |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 基本 | If + 過去形, would + 原形 | If I had time, I would help you. |
| be 動詞 | If + were, would + 原形 (全人称) | If I were you, I would apologize. |
| could/might | If + 過去形, could/might + 原形 | If she studied harder, she could pass. |
If I had enough money, I would buy a beautiful new house near the beach.
もし十分なお金があれば、ビーチ近くの美しい新居を買うのに。
If I were you, I would definitely apologize to her right away before it's too late.
私があなたなら、手遅れになる前に絶対すぐ彼女に謝るのに。
If she studied harder every single day, she could easily pass the entrance examination.
彼女が毎日もっと熱心に勉強すれば、入試に楽に合格できるのに。
If we lived closer to the train station, we wouldn't have to wake up so early each morning.
もし駅にもっと近く住んでいたら、毎朝こんなに早く起きる必要はないのに。
If my brother knew how to drive a car, he might take us all to the beach this weekend.
兄が車の運転を知っていれば、今週末ビーチに連れて行ってくれるかもしれないのに。
- 仮定法過去 の核 (2級 必出)
★ If + 過去形, would/could/might + 原形 ★ 過去形 = 現実からの距離 ━ 時制ではない
- were vs was
★ formal: If I were ★ casual: If I was (口語可) ━ 試験では were 推奨
- 直説法との混同注意
★ ✗ If I have money → 単なる条件 (現実) ★ ◯ If I had money → 仮定法 (持っていない)