問 1
（ ） my older sister was honestly extremely tired after working very long hours every single day for many consecutive months, she still cheerfully officially attended the very important family birthday dinner.
- However
- Despite
- Because
- Although
although / even though + S + V (譲歩)
although / even though + S + V = 「〜だけれども」、譲歩節で予想と反する事実を導く。
「Although」
正解"（ ） my older sister was honestly extremely tired after working very long hours every single day, she still cheerfully officially attended the very important family birthday dinner" は譲歩 = 「Although」。形: Although / Even though + S + V, S + V = 「〜にもかかわらず S + V」、主節と従属節は予想と反する。ポイント: although (中立 formal) / even though (強い譲歩) / though (口語) ━ 同義だが文体差、文頭/文中可。2級頻出: 譲歩節は B2 必出、reading で因果反転を明示。
「Despite」
= 前置詞 ━ 後ろは名詞/動名詞 (S + V 不可) ━ Despite + 名詞、Although + S + V。
「However」
= 接続副詞 ━ 文連結、副詞節導入不可 ━ However は文と文をつなぐ副詞、節は導けない。
「Because」
= 理由節 ━ 譲歩反対の意味 ━ because = 〜だから、although = 〜だけれども。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| Although + S + V, S + V | 中立譲歩 | Although it rained, we went |
| Even though + S + V, S + V | 強い譲歩 | Even though tired, he worked |
| Though + S + V (口語) | 口語譲歩 | Though young, she's wise |
| S + V, although + S + V | 文中位置 | We went, although it rained |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 文頭 | Although + S + V, S + V | Although it was raining, we went out. |
| 文中 | S + V, although + S + V | We went out, although it was raining. |
| 強調 | Even though + S + V, S + V | Even though he was tired, he kept working. |
Although my older sister was honestly extremely tired after working very long hours every single day for many consecutive months, she still cheerfully officially attended the very important family birthday dinner.
姉は何ヶ月も毎日長時間働いて正直とても疲れていたが、それでも陽気に重要な家族の誕生日の夕食に出席した。
Even though it was honestly raining very heavily and constantly all throughout the morning yesterday, we all still officially decided to peacefully go for a long quiet walk in the park.
正直、昨日朝中ずっと激しく雨が降っていたにもかかわらず、私たちは公園を長く静かに散歩することを公式に決めた。
Although my elderly very wise kind grandmother is honestly already well over eighty years old, she still personally cooks delicious traditional Japanese meals every single day for the entire family.
祖母は正直すでに80歳をはるかに超えているが、それでも家族全員のために毎日伝統的な日本料理を個人的に作っている。
Even though my younger brother had honestly seriously studied extremely hard for many many long hours every single day, he unfortunately failed the very difficult final mathematics examination.
弟は正直毎日何時間も非常に真剣に必死に勉強したにもかかわらず、残念ながら難しい数学の期末試験に不合格だった。
Although the very famous old traditional Japanese restaurant is honestly extremely expensive, all of my dear close family members really genuinely love eating there for very special occasions.
その有名な古い伝統的な日本料理店は正直とても高価だが、親愛なる家族全員は特別な機会にそこで食べることを本当に愛している。
although / even though / though (2級 必出) ★ 譲歩 = 予想と反する事実 ★ + S + V (節) ━ B2 reading 頻出。vs Despite + 名詞 ★ Despite the rain (名詞) ★ Although it rained (節) ━ 後ろの品詞で選択。though の特殊用法 ★ Young though he is = 譲歩倒置 (古風)。