問 1
（ ） the extremely heavy rain and the strong bitterly cold wind, the determined marathon runners all bravely continued running the long and difficult race.
- Because of
- Although
- Despite
- Thanks to
Despite + 名詞/動名詞 (〜にもかかわらず)
Despite + 名詞/動名詞 = 「〜にもかかわらず」。前置詞なので後ろは名詞、節は不可。
「Despite」
正解"（ ） the extremely heavy rain and the strong bitterly cold wind, the determined marathon runners all bravely continued running the long and difficult race" は譲歩前置詞 = 「Despite」。形: Despite + 名詞/動名詞/the fact that 節 = 「〜にもかかわらず」。前置詞なので直後は名詞句。ポイント: Despite + 名詞 (✓) / Despite the heavy rain。Although + S + V (節) なので Although the heavy rain ✗。despite of ✗ (of 不要)。2級頻出: despite (前置詞 + 名詞) vs although (接続詞 + 節) の品詞区別が最頻出。
「Although」
= 接続詞 ━ 後ろは S + V 節 ━ although は接続詞、後ろに節が必要 (Although it rained)。
「Because of」
= 原因 ━ 意味逆 ━ because of = が原因で、譲歩は despite。
「Thanks to」
= おかげで ━ 肯定の原因 ━ thanks to = おかげで (肯定)、譲歩は despite。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| Despite + 名詞 | 〜にもかかわらず | Despite the rain |
| Despite + 動名詞 | 〜したのに | Despite working hard |
| Despite the fact that + 節 | 節を導く形 | Despite the fact that it rained |
| vs Although + S + V | 接続詞 + 節 | Although it rained |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 名詞 | Despite + 名詞, S + V | Despite the cost, we bought it. |
| 動名詞 | Despite + V-ing, S + V | Despite trying hard, he failed. |
| fact that | Despite the fact that + 節 | Despite the fact that he was tired, he worked. |
Despite the extremely heavy rain and the strong bitterly cold wind, the determined marathon runners all bravely continued running the long and difficult race.
非常に激しい雨と強く身を切るような冷たい風にもかかわらず、意欲的なマラソン選手たちは皆勇敢に長く困難なレースを走り続けた。
Despite having very little money and almost no experience at all, the ambitious young couple bravely decided to open their own small restaurant.
ほとんどお金もまったく経験もないにもかかわらず、野心的な若い夫婦は勇敢に自分たちの小さなレストランを開くことを決めた。
Despite his serious illness, my brave grandfather always greeted every single visitor with a warm and genuinely cheerful smile.
深刻な病気にもかかわらず、勇敢な祖父はいつも訪問者一人ひとりを温かく心から陽気な笑顔で迎えた。
Despite the very late hour and her obvious tiredness, the kind nurse patiently answered all of our worried questions.
とても遅い時間と明らかな疲れにもかかわらず、親切な看護師は私たちの心配な質問全てに辛抱強く答えてくれた。
Despite all of the careful warnings, the curious young tourists still wandered far away from the safe marked mountain path.
あらゆる注意深い警告にもかかわらず、好奇心旺盛な若い観光客たちは安全な印のついた山道から遠く離れてさまよった。
Despite (2級 頻出) ★ 前置詞 + 名詞/動名詞「〜にもかかわらず」。vs although ★ Despite + 名詞 / Although + S + V (節)。despite of ✗ ★ of は不要 (in spite of とは別)。節を導くには ★ Despite the fact that + 節。