EigoPro 2級 文法 — ExistentialThere

存在文 there: There is + 単数名詞 / There are + 複数名詞 / There were + 複数名詞 / There will be / There has been + 単数 / There have been + 複数 / There seems / appears to be / There used to be / There is going to be / There is no point in + 動名詞 / There is no use + 動名詞 / There is no need to + V / There being + 名詞 / There is bound to be / There remains / exists ━ CEFR B2

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この単元の問題を3問、解説つきで公開しています

2級 · 文法 · 全15

1

Honestly, there ( ) only one small but rather serious problem with your otherwise truly excellent and well-prepared new plan.

  • have
  • are
  • is
  • be
Pattern

There is + 単数名詞 (存在・単数一致)

2級文法存在文there is
ひとことで

There is + 単数名詞 = 「〜がある」、存在文。be は後ろの名詞の数に一致 (単数 → is)。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

is

正解

"Honestly, there ( ) only one small but rather serious problem with your otherwise truly excellent and well-prepared new plan" は単数一致 = 「is」: There + is + 単数名詞 = 「〜がある」、存在文。be 動詞は後続名詞 (one problem = 単数) に一致。ポイント: there 自体は意味のない形式主語、実際の主語は後ろの名詞。単数名詞 → is、複数名詞 → are。2級頻出: there is/are の後続名詞との数の一致が基本。

  • are

    = 複数用 ━ one problem は単数 ━ 後続が単数 (one problem) なので is、are は複数用。

  • be

    = 原形 ━ 現在は is ━ be は原形、現在の存在は there is。

  • have

    = have ✗ ━ 存在は there is ━ there have は不可、存在は there is。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
There is + 単数〜があるThere is a book.
There are + 複数〜があるThere are books.
There is + 不可算不可算There is water.
実主語は後続名詞数一致後ろの名詞で is/are
文型バリエーション
文型
単数There is + 単数There is a problem.
不可算There is + 不可算There is some milk.
否定There isn't + 単数There isn't any time.
例文
  • Honestly, there is only one small but rather serious problem with your otherwise truly excellent and well

    prepared new plan. — 正直、その他の点では本当に優れてよく準備された新しい計画には、小さいがかなり深刻な問題が一つだけある。

  • There is a wonderfully quiet little café just around the corner where we can sit and talk peacefully.

    角を曲がったところに、座って静かに話せる素晴らしく静かな小さなカフェが一つある。

  • There is honestly still plenty of time left before the last evening train, so please don't rush at all.

    正直、最終の夜の電車までまだたっぷり時間が残っているので、全く急がないで。

  • There is a strange and rather worrying noise coming from somewhere deep inside the old car's engine.

    古い車のエンジンの奥のどこかから、奇妙でかなり心配な音が一つしている。

  • There is a very kind and helpful old woman living quietly in the small house next door to us.

    私たちの隣の小さな家に、とても親切で世話好きな老婦人が一人静かに住んでいる。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ

There is (2級 基本) ★ 存在文、be は後続名詞の数に一致 (単数 → is)。実主語 ★ there は形式主語、後ろの名詞が実主語。不可算 ★ There is + 不可算 (water/time)。

2

Don't worry at all — there ( ) still several surprisingly comfortable empty seats available near the quiet back of the large theater.

  • be
  • is
  • was
  • are
Pattern

There are + 複数名詞 (存在・複数一致)

2級文法存在文there are
ひとことで

There are + 複数名詞 = 「〜がある」、複数名詞に一致して are。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

are

正解

"Don't worry at all — there ( ) still several surprisingly comfortable empty seats available near the quiet back of the large theater" は複数一致 = 「are」: There + are + 複数名詞 = 「〜がある」、複数名詞に一致。ポイント: several seats = 複数なので are。単数なら is。there is/are の選択は後続名詞の数で決まる。2級頻出: 複数名詞 (several/many + 複数) に対する are。

  • is

    = 単数用 ━ several seats は複数 ━ 後続が複数 (several seats) なので are、is は単数用。

  • was

    = 過去 ━ 現在は are ━ was は過去、現在の複数は are。

  • be

    = 原形 ━ 現在は are ━ be は原形、現在複数の存在は there are。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
There are + 複数〜があるThere are chairs.
There are several + 複数いくつかThere are several options.
There aren't + 複数否定There aren't any seats.
vs There is + 単数数一致There is a chair.
文型バリエーション
文型
複数There are + 複数There are problems.
数量There are many + 複数There are many reasons.
否定There aren't + 複数There aren't enough.
例文
  • Don't worry at all

    there are still several surprisingly comfortable empty seats available near the quiet back of the large theater. — 全く心配しないで ━ 大きな劇場の静かな後方近くに、まだ驚くほど快適な空席がいくつか残っている。

  • There are honestly many very good reasons why regular gentle exercise is so important for everyone's health.

    正直、定期的な穏やかな運動がなぜ皆の健康にとてもそ重要なのか、とても良い理由がたくさんある。

  • There are several beautiful old temples and quiet gardens well worth visiting in this small historic town.

    この小さな歴史的な町には、訪れる価値のある美しい古寺や静かな庭がいくつもある。

  • There are a few small but important mistakes in this report that you really need to fix before tomorrow.

    この報告書には、明日までに直す必要のある小さいが重要な間違いがいくつかある。

  • There are always plenty of friendly local people willing to kindly help confused lost tourists find their way.

    困った迷子の観光客が道を見つけるのを親切に手伝ってくれる地元の人々が、いつもたくさんいる。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ

There are (2級 基本) ★ 複数名詞に一致して are。vs There is ★ 後続名詞の数で is/are を選ぶ。否定 ★ There aren't any + 複数。

3

When we all finally arrived at the lively welcome party last night, there ( ) already more than fifty cheerful happy guests in the room.

  • is
  • was
  • were
  • are
Pattern

There were + 複数名詞 (過去・複数)

2級文法存在文there were
ひとことで

There were + 複数名詞 = 「〜があった/いた」、過去の複数の存在。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

were

正解

"When we all finally arrived at the lively welcome party last night, there ( ) already more than fifty cheerful happy guests in the room" は過去複数 = 「were」: There + were + 複数名詞 (過去) = 「〜があった/いた」、過去の複数の存在。ポイント: 過去 + 複数 (fifty guests) → were。過去 + 単数 → was。時制 (過去) と数 (複数) の両方を反映。2級頻出: there was/were の過去 + 数の一致。

  • was

    = 過去単数 ━ fifty guests は複数 ━ fifty guests は複数なので were、was は単数用。

  • are

    = 現在 ━ last night は過去 ━ last night は過去、現在の are は不可。

  • is

    = 現在単数 ━ 過去複数は were ━ 現在単数 is、過去複数は were。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
There were + 複数 (過去)〜があったThere were many people.
There was + 単数 (過去)〜があったThere was a man.
There weren't + 複数否定過去There weren't enough.
vs There are (現在)時制There are now...
文型バリエーション
文型
過去複数There were + 複数There were lots of cars.
過去単数There was + 単数There was a noise.
否定過去There weren't + 複数There weren't any clouds.
例文
  • When we all finally arrived at the lively welcome party last night, there were already more than fifty cheerful happy guests in the room.

    私たちが昨夜ついに賑やかな歓迎パーティーに到着したとき、部屋にはすでに50人以上の陽気で幸せな招待客がいた。

  • Long ago, there were honestly far fewer cars on the roads, so the quiet old town felt much safer and calmer.

    昔は正直、道路にずっと少ない車しかなかったので、静かな旧市街はずっと安全で穏やかに感じられた。

  • There were several very serious mistakes in the early report, but the careful editor fixed them all in time.

    初期の報告書にはいくつか非常に深刻な間違いがあったが、几帳面な編集者が間に合うように全て直した。

  • After the big storm finally passed, there were many broken branches and fallen leaves all over the wet garden.

    大きな嵐がついに過ぎ去った後、濡れた庭一面に多くの折れた枝と落ち葉があった。

  • There were so many bright twinkling stars in the clear night sky that we simply could not count them all.

    澄んだ夜空にあまりに多くの明るく瞬く星があったので、私たちはとても全部数えられなかった。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ

There were (2級 基本) ★ 過去 + 複数の存在。vs There was ★ 過去 + 単数。時制 + 数 ★ 両方を反映 (last night → 過去, guests → 複数 → were)。

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