問 1
What is the passage mainly about?
- She invented most of the modern machines used in hospitals.
- She overcame opposition to become a nurse and reformed medicine through cleaner hospitals and evidence.
- She was a wealthy woman who married young and lived quietly.
- She was a soldier who fought bravely in a war in the 1850s.
a determined reformer whose careful evidence saved countless lives
証拠で多くの命を救った決然たる改革者
記事の主旨は「ナイチンゲールは家族の反対を押して看護を志し、衛生改革と統計で医療を変えた改革者」。
「She overcame opposition to become a nurse and reformed medicine through cleaner hospitals and evidence.」
正解記事全体が、家族の反対 (第1段落) → 戦時の惨状改善 (第2-3段落) → 戦後の改革・統計の活用 (第4段落) を通じて、ナイチンゲールが 看護を職業として確立し医療を変えた改革者 であることを描く。最終文 "a determined reformer whose careful evidence saved countless lives" が主旨。
「She was a wealthy woman who married young and lived quietly away from public life.」
= 若くして結婚し静かに暮らした裕福な女性 ━ 本文 "Against her family's wishes, she trained as a nurse" と矛盾。
「She was a soldier who fought bravely in the Crimean War and later wrote about hospitals.」
= 1850年代の戦争で戦った兵士 ━ 兵士ではなく看護を管理した、creative misread。
「She invented most of the machines used in modern hospitals and trained doctors to use them.」
= 現代の病院機器の多くを発明 ━ 機器発明の記述なし、衛生改革と統計が功績。
| パターン | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| against one's wishes | 〜の意向に反して | against her family's wishes |
| be meant to V | 〜する運命だ | meant to help the sick |
| train as ~ | 〜として訓練を受ける | trained as a nurse |
| a determined reformer | 決然たる改革者 | a determined reformer |
| save countless lives | 無数の命を救う | saved countless lives |
She trained as a nurse against her family's wishes.
家族の反対に逆らい看護師になった。
She reformed dirty military hospitals.
汚い軍病院を改革した。
Her evidence saved countless lives.
彼女の証拠は無数の命を救った。
人物伝の主旨設問の鉄則 ―― 最終段落の人物評 ("remembered as ...") が主旨を凝縮。誤答は本文と矛盾する経歴 (若く結婚 / 兵士 / 発明家) で誘導。生涯の流れ (反対→改革) を捉えた選択肢が正解。