問 1
This is the book （ ） changed my life.
- which
- whose
- what
- who
先行詞(物) + which + 動詞 (物の主格)
which = 物を説明する関係代名詞 (主格)。「The book which is on the table」のように直後に動詞が続く。
"This is the book ~ changed my life." は物(book)を後ろから説明 = 「which」。関係代名詞 which は先行詞が 物 で、関係詞節の中で 主語の働きをするときに使う (主格)。構造: the book [which changed my life] = 「私の人生を変えた本」━ [ ] 内が book を修飾。重要: which の直後には 動詞 が続く (主語が抜けているから)。which changed (○) / which it changed (✗)。
「who」
= who は人用 ━ 物の先行詞 book には which。
「whose」
= whose は所有格 ━ 主格の場所には which。
「what」
= what に先行詞は付かない ━ what = the thing which 自体。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 (物) | which + 動詞 | the book which changed |
| 先行詞 単数 | which + 動詞-s | the bus which goes |
| 先行詞 複数 | which + 動詞原形 | the books which contain |
| be 動詞 | which + is/are | the box which is heavy |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | 先行詞 + which + 動詞 | the cat which sleeps a lot |
| 否定 | 先行詞 + which + doesn't | the machine which doesn't work |
| 疑問 | Is this the book which ~? | Is this the book which won the prize? |
This is the book which changed my life.
これは私の人生を変えた本です。
The bus which goes to the station leaves every 10 minutes.
駅行きのバスは10分おきに出る。
I want a phone which has a long battery life.
電池が長持ちする電話が欲しい。
The cake which my mother made was delicious.
母が作ったケーキは美味しかった。
The shop which sells Japanese tea is closed today.
日本茶を売る店は今日休みです。
- 関係代名詞 which の3大ポイント (3級 重要)
★
- ルール1: 先行詞が「物・動物・出来事」のとき which
a book / a car / the rain / an event 等。━ ★
- ルール2: which の直後は動詞 (主格) or 主語+動詞 (目的格)
which goes (主格) / which I bought (目的格) ━ ★
- ルール3: 先行詞の単複に動詞を合わせる
a book which is (単数), books which are (複数)
- that でも代用可
which は that でも置き換えられる: "a book that changed my life" (口語ではよく使う)。非限定 (コンマあり) は which のみ、that 不可