問 1
She said ( ) she was hungry.
- what
- which
- that
- if
said + that + S + V (平叙文の伝達)
said that + S + V = 「〜と言った」(間接話法の基本)。直接話法 "~" を that 節に変換。
"She said ~ she was hungry." は間接話法の接続詞 = 「that」。間接話法の基本構造: 伝達動詞 (said/told) + that + S + V。直接 → 間接 のパラフレーズ: She said, "I am hungry." (直接) → She said that she was hungry. (間接、時制も I→she にシフト)。意味: 「彼女はお腹が空いていると言った」━ that の後は完全な文 (S + V)。
「what」
= what は疑問詞 ━ 間接平叙文は that。
「which」
= which は選択疑問 ━ 間接平叙文は that。
「if」
= if は yes/no 疑問の間接 ━ 平叙文は that。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 平叙文の伝達 | said + that + S + V | said that he was tired. |
| yes/no 疑問の伝達 | asked + if/whether + S + V | asked if she liked it. |
| wh 疑問の伝達 | asked + wh + S + V | asked where he lived. |
| 命令の伝達 | told + 人 + to + V | told me to clean. |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 平叙の伝達 | said + that + S + V | She said that she was hungry. |
| 否定の伝達 | said + that + S + not + V | She said that she wasn't hungry. |
| that の省略 | said + S + V (口語) | She said she was hungry. |
She said that she was hungry.
彼女はお腹が空いていると言った。
He said that he was tired.
彼は疲れていると言った。
Mary said that she liked Japanese food.
メアリーは日本食が好きだと言った。
My mother said that she would come.
母は来ると言った。
Tom said that he could speak Chinese.
トムは中国語が話せると言った。
- 間接話法の核 (3級必修)
★
- 直接話法 "~" → 間接話法 (that 節)
She said, "I am hungry." → She said that she was hungry。━ ★
- 3つの変換ルール
① 接続詞 that を入れる (省略可だが入れる方が安全) ② 代名詞をシフト (I → he/she、you → I/me) ③ 時制を一つ過去にシフト (am → was、will → would、can → could) ━ ★
- 3級頻出 伝達動詞
said (言った)、told (伝えた)、asked (聞いた)、answered (答えた)、replied (返事した)、explained (説明した) ━ ★
- say vs tell の違い (3級超重要)
① say = 単独で OK "He said that ~." (聞き手不要) ② tell = 人を直接続ける "He told me that ~." (聞き手必須) ━ "He told that ~." (✗) は誤り。━ ★
- that の省略
口語では that を省くことも多い: "She said (that) she was tired." 両方OK