問 1
I ( ) been studying for three hours when he called.
- has
- was
- had
- have
S + had been + V-ing + when + 過去
「I (had) been studying for three hours when he called.」— 電話の時点まで3時間勉強し続けていた。
「had」
正解過去完了進行形は had been + V-ing。have/has は現在完了、was は be 動詞単独で完了の機能なし。
「have」
= 現在完了 ━ 現在基準で 'when he called' (過去) と不整合。
「has」
= 現在完了 3単現 ━ I の助動詞は have/had、現在完了は have。
「was」
= 過去 BE ━ be 動詞単独で完了の機能なし。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| S + had been + V-ing | 全主語共通 | I had been studying. |
| 否定: S + had not been + V-ing | 否定形 | She hadn't been working. |
| 疑問: Had + S + been + V-ing? | 疑問文 | Had they been waiting? |
| for + 期間 (継続) | 継続マーカー | had been waiting for an hour |
| when + 過去形 (基準点) | 区切り | when he arrived |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定文 | S + had been + V-ing | I had been studying for hours. |
| 否定文 | S + had not been + V-ing | He had not been listening. |
| 疑問文 | Had + S + been + V-ing? | Had they been working hard? |
I had been studying for three hours when he called.
彼が電話した時、私は3時間勉強し続けていました。
She had been working all night.
彼女は一晩中働き続けていました。
They had been arguing when I arrived.
私が着いた時、彼らは口論し続けていました。
He had been waiting for an hour before the bus came.
バスが来る前、彼は1時間待ち続けていました。
We had been driving for hours when we stopped.
停車する時まで何時間も運転し続けていました。
過去完了進行形 (準2級必修) ━ ★ 形: had been + V-ing (主語不問) / ★ 意味: 過去のある時点までずっと続いていた動作 / ★ 時間表現: for + 期間, when + 過去形 (区切り)。━━ 過去完了 vs 過去完了進行形 ━━ ★ "I had finished my homework." (完了) / ★ "I had been doing my homework." (動作の継続)。━━ 過去完了進行形 vs 現在完了進行形 ━━ ★ 基準点が過去か現在かが違う / ★ 過去完了進行形: had been + V-ing (過去基準) / 現在完了進行形: have been + V-ing (現在基準)。