問 1
If I ( ) rich, I would buy a big house.
- am
- was
- were
- will be
If I were ~, I would + V
「If I (were) rich, I would buy a big house.」— 金持ちなら大きな家を買う (現在の事実に反する仮定)。
「were」
正解仮定法過去の be 動詞は were (主語に関わらず)。am/was/will be は仮定法過去の形ではない。
「am」
= 現在 BE ━ 仮定法過去は were。
「was」
= 過去 BE ━ 仮定法では were が原則 (口語では was も可だがフォーマルでは were)。
「will be」
= 未来 BE ━ 仮定法過去とは異なる。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| If S + 過去形, S + would + V原形 | 基本形 | If I had time, I would go. |
| If S + were + ~, S + would + V | be 動詞 (were) | If I were rich, I would travel. |
| If S + 過去形, S + could + V | could (能力) | If she lived nearby, we could meet. |
| I wish + S + 過去形/were | wish + 仮定法 | I wish I were taller. |
| If only + S + 過去形 | 強い願望 | If only I knew! |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 仮定法過去 (現実反対) | If S + 過去形, S + would + V | If I were you, I would apologize. |
| wish + 仮定法過去 | I wish + S + 過去形 | I wish I could fly. |
| If only | If only + S + 過去形 | If only it were Friday! |
If I were rich, I would buy a big house.
もし私が金持ちなら、大きな家を買うのに。
If I were you, I would talk to her.
もし私があなたなら、彼女と話すのに。
If she were here, she would help us.
もし彼女がここにいれば助けてくれるのに。
If he were taller, he could be a model.
もし彼が背が高ければ、モデルになれるのに。
If it were summer, we could swim.
夏なら泳げるのに。
仮定法過去 (準2級必修) ━ ★ 意味: 現在の事実に反する仮定 / ★ 形: If + S + 過去形, S + would/could + V原形 / ★ be 動詞: 主語の単複に関わらず were が原則 (口語では was も可)。━━ 仮定法過去 vs 単純な if 条件 ━━ ★ "If it rains, I'll stay home." (実際に降る可能性、現在形) / ★ "If it rained, I would stay home." (現在降っていないが仮に降れば、仮定法過去)。━━ I wish の用法 ━━ ★ I wish + S + 過去形 = 〜だったらいいのに (現在の願望)。