問 1
It ( ) Mary that broke the vase.
- was
- are
- is
- were
It was + 強調語句 + that
「It (was) Mary that broke the vase.」— 花瓶を割ったのはメアリーだ (主語強調)。
「was」
正解元の文 "Mary broke the vase" を「メアリーが」と強調するため過去形 was。強調構文の be 動詞は元の文の時制に合わせる: broke (過去) → was。
「is」
= 現在 BE ━ broke は過去、was で合わせる。
「were」
= 過去 BE 複数 ━ Mary は単数主語、was。
「are」
= 現在 BE 複数 ━ 過去の文脈、Mary は単数。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| It is + 強調語句 + that + 残り | 現在 (一般) | It is Tom that loves her. |
| It was + 強調語句 + that + 残り | 過去 | It was Mary who broke the vase. |
| It is + 人 + who + V | 人の強調 (who) | It is John who called. |
| It is + 物/事 + that + V | 物・事の強調 (that) | It is this book that I want. |
| It is + 副詞句 + that + 残り | 副詞句の強調 | It was in Tokyo that I met her. |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 主語の強調 | It is/was + 主語 + that/who + V | It was Mary who/that broke it. |
| 目的語の強調 | It is/was + O + that + S + V | It was this book that I read. |
| 副詞句の強調 | It is/was + 副詞句 + that + S + V | It was yesterday that I called. |
It was Mary that broke the vase.
花瓶を割ったのはメアリーです。
It was Tom who won the prize.
賞を取ったのはトムです。
It was John that I met yesterday.
昨日会ったのはジョンです。
It was the dog that ate my homework.
宿題を食べたのは犬です。
It was she who called me first.
最初に電話してきたのは彼女です。
強調構文 It is ~ that ~ (準2級必修) ━ ★ 形: It is/was + 強調語句 + that/who + 残りの部分 / ★ 強調できる要素: 主語 / 目的語 / 副詞句 (時・場所・方法) / ★ 動詞は強調できない (be 動詞は通常その文の主動詞の時制に合わせる)。━━ that vs who の使い分け ━━ ★ 人を強調: who も that も OK ("It is Mary who/that called.") / ★ 物・事を強調: that のみ / ★ 副詞句を強調: that のみ。━━ 時制の対応 ━━ ★ 元の文が現在: It is ~ that / ★ 元の文が過去: It was ~ that / ★ 元の文が未来: It is ~ that ... will ~ ("It is on Monday that we will start.")。