EigoPro 準1級 文法 — AdverbialClauses

副詞節: by the time / as soon as ~ / No sooner had S pp than ~ / Hardly had S pp when ~ / the moment / once / as long as ~ / provided / providing / on / given / as if + S + 仮定法過去 / as though + S + had pp / much as ~ / unless ~ / 時・条件副詞節中の現在形 ━ CEFR C1

15問合格 60%以上普通

新規登録 または ログイン が必要です

この単元の問題を3問、解説つきで公開しています

準1級 · 文法 · 全15

1

( ) the long-delayed rescue team finally reached the remote village, the trapped survivors had already waited three full days.

  • by the time
  • during
  • by
  • until
Pattern

by the time (S V) ~ (〜する頃には / 期限・完了)

準1級文法副詞節完了の期限
ひとことで

by the time + S + 現在形 = 「〜する頃までには」。主節は未来完了 (will have pp) を取りやすい。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

by the time

正解

"~ the long-delayed rescue team finally reached the remote village, the trapped survivors had already waited three full days" は時の副詞節 = 「by the time」: by the time + S + V (現在形/過去形) + 主節 (will have pp / had pp)。期限までの完了を示す。ポイント: 「〜する頃には(もう)」と完了の締切を表す。主節は完了形と相性が良い。準1級頻出: by the time の完了照応は C1 鉄板、時制の組合せが問われる。

  • until

    = 継続の終点 (〜まで) ━ 完了の期限を表さない ━ 完了の期限は by the time、until は動作の継続の終点。

  • by

    = 前置詞 ━ 節 (S V) を取れない ━ 節を導くのは by the time、by 単独は名詞のみ。

  • during

    = 前置詞 (〜の間) ━ 名詞句専用で節不可 ━ 節は by the time、during は名詞句のみ。

✅ なぜ「by the time」が正解? この文では「救助隊が到着する頃には(もう3日待っていた)」と完了の期限を表すので 「by the time」 が正解。until は継続の終点で完了の期限を表さず、by は前置詞で節を取れず、during は前置詞で名詞句専用。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
by the time + S 現在形主節 = will have ppBy the time you arrive, I will have finished.
by the time + S 過去形主節 = had ppBy the time we got there, it had closed.
by then副詞句 (その頃には)By then, everyone had left.
vs untiluntil = 継続の終点Wait until I call you.
文型バリエーション
文型
未来完了との照応By the time S V(現在), S will have ppBy the time he wakes, we will have gone.
過去完了との照応By the time S V(過去), S had ppBy the time I called, she had left.
期限の強調By the time ~, already / by thenBy the time we knew, it was already too late.
例文
  • By the time the long

    delayed international rescue team finally reached the remote flooded mountain village, the exhausted trapped survivors had already anxiously waited three full days. — 長く遅れた国際救助隊がようやく辺鄙な洪水の山村に到達した頃には、疲れ切って閉じ込められた生存者たちはすでに不安げに丸3日間待っていた。

  • By the time my forgetful older brother eventually remembers to renew his expired passport, the cheap early

    booking discount for the flights will almost certainly have completely disappeared. — 忘れっぽい兄が結局期限切れのパスポートを更新するのを思い出す頃には、航空券の安い早期予約割引はほぼ確実に完全に消えているだろう。

  • By the time the slow careful committee finally approves the urgently needed new policy, the original pressing problem it was designed to solve may well have changed entirely.

    遅く慎重な委員会がようやく緊急に必要な新政策を承認する頃には、それが解決するはずだった元の差し迫った問題はすっかり変わってしまっているかもしれない。

  • By the time the heavy rush

    hour traffic finally cleared and we crawled into the parking lot, the popular concert we had so eagerly anticipated had unfortunately already begun. — 混雑したラッシュアワーの渋滞がようやく緩和して駐車場にのろのろ入った頃には、私たちがあれほど熱望していた人気のコンサートは残念ながらすでに始まっていた。

  • By the time today's curious schoolchildren reach their own retirement age, ordinary daily technology will undoubtedly have advanced in ways that we can scarcely even imagine now.

    今日の好奇心旺盛な学童たちが自分の定年に達する頃には、日常の普通の技術は今ではほとんど想像すらできない形で間違いなく進歩しているだろう。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • by the time (準1級 鉄板)

    ★ by the time + 現在形 → 主節 will have pp (未来完了) ★ by the time + 過去形 → 主節 had pp (過去完了) ━ 完了形との照応を見抜く

  • 時の副詞節中は未来も現在形

    ✗ by the time you will arrive → ◯ by the time you arrive

  • vs until

    by the time=完了の期限、until=継続の終点 (Wait until ~)

2

I promise I will call you immediately ( ) the important results of the medical test are finally released next week.

  • so far as
  • as well as
  • as soon as
  • as far as
Pattern

as soon as ~ (〜するとすぐに / 即時)

準1級文法副詞節即時の連続
ひとことで

as soon as + S + V = 「〜するとすぐに」。時の副詞節なので未来も現在形で表す。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

as soon as

正解

"I promise I will call you immediately ~ the important results of the medical test are finally released next week" は即時の時節 = 「as soon as」: as soon as + S + V (未来でも現在形)。主節の動作の直後に主節 (will V) が起こる。ポイント: 時の副詞節中は未来を will でなく現在形で表す (時制照応の原則)。準1級頻出: as soon as の現在形照応は C1 でも頻出の落とし穴。

  • as far as

    = 範囲・程度 (〜する限り) ━ 即時の時を表さない ━ 即時は as soon as、as far as は範囲・程度。

  • as well as

    = 付加 (〜と同様に) ━ 時の副詞節を作らない ━ 時の即時は as soon as、as well as は付加。

  • so far as

    = 範囲 (〜する限りでは) ━ 即時を表さない ━ 即時は as soon as、so far as は範囲・限定。

✅ なぜ「as soon as」が正解? この文では「結果が出るとすぐに電話する」と即時の連続を表すので 「as soon as」 が正解。as far as は範囲・程度 (〜する限り) で時を表さず、as well as は付加 (〜と同様に) で時節を作らず、so far as は範囲で即時にならない。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
as soon as + S 現在形未来でも現在形I will leave as soon as he comes.
as soon as + S 過去形過去の即時She left as soon as she heard.
the instant / the minute= as soon as (即時)The instant I saw him, I knew.
on V-ing名詞句で即時On arriving, he called us.
文型バリエーション
文型
未来 (現在形照応)S will V as soon as S V(現在)I will tell you as soon as I know.
過去の即時S V(過去) as soon as S V(過去)He ran as soon as he saw me.
文頭強調As soon as S V, S VAs soon as the bell rang, they left.
例文
  • I firmly promise that I will definitely call you right back immediately as soon as the important results of yesterday's worrying medical test are finally officially released next week.

    昨日の心配な医療検査の重要な結果が来週ついに正式に発表されたらすぐに、必ず折り返しお電話すると固く約束します。

  • As soon as the long harsh winter snow finally melts completely away in the warm spring sunshine, the hardworking local farmers will eagerly begin plowing their large muddy fields.

    長く厳しい冬の雪が暖かい春の日差しでようやく完全に溶けてしまうとすぐに、勤勉な地元の農民たちは熱心に泥だらけの広い畑を耕し始めるだろう。

  • The well

    trained obedient guide dog instantly stopped walking and sat down quietly as soon as it sensed the approaching busy traffic at the dangerous crowded street corner. — よく訓練された従順な盲導犬は、危険で混雑した街角で接近する交通を察知するとすぐに、即座に歩くのをやめて静かに座った。

  • As soon as the brilliant young inventor secures the necessary funding from interested investors, she fully intends to begin mass

    producing her revolutionary energy-saving device. — 聡明な若い発明家は、関心ある投資家から必要な資金を確保するとすぐに、革命的な省エネ装置の大量生産を始める意向だ。

  • My excited little daughter always rushes happily straight to the bright kitchen as soon as she smells the wonderful warm aroma of freshly baked chocolate cookies in the afternoon.

    興奮した幼い娘は午後、焼きたてのチョコレートクッキーの素晴らしく温かい香りを嗅ぐとすぐに、いつもうれしそうに明るいキッチンへまっすぐ駆け込む。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • as soon as (準1級 鉄板)

    ★ as soon as + 現在形 → 主節 will V (未来でも現在形) ★ 時の副詞節中は未来を will にしない ━ ✗ as soon as he will come → ◯ as soon as he comes

  • 等価表現

    the instant / the minute / the moment / immediately (英) も「〜するとすぐに」

  • vs as far as

    as soon as=即時(時)、as far as=範囲・程度

3

No sooner had the weary travelers finally settled into their seats ( ) the train unexpectedly lurched forward and began to move.

  • when
  • then
  • as
  • than
Pattern

No sooner had S pp than ~ (〜するやいなや / 倒置)

準1級文法副詞節否定辞前置倒置 (即時)
ひとことで

No sooner had + S + pp + than ~ = 「〜するやいなや…」。No sooner 前置で倒置、後続は than。

選択肢の解説Choice Analysis

than

正解

"No sooner had the weary travelers finally settled into their seats ~ the train unexpectedly lurched forward and began to move" は = 「than」: No sooner had S pp than S V(過去)。No sooner を文頭に出すと had が倒置、相方は than。ポイント: No sooner ... than のペアは固定。as や when ではなく than を取る点が要注意。準1級頻出: No sooner ... than の相関は C1 鉄板、ペアの語を問う定番。

  • when

    = hardly/scarcely ... when 用 ━ No sooner とは組まない ━ No sooner の相方は than、when は hardly/scarcely と組む。

  • as

    = 様態・時の as ━ No sooner との相関を作らない ━ No sooner ... than が固定、as は不可。

  • then

    = 副詞 (それから) ━ 相関接続詞でない ━ 相関は than、then は単なる副詞。

✅ なぜ「than」が正解? この文では「席に着くやいなや列車が動き出した」と No sooner の相関節を作るので 「than」 が正解。No sooner ... than は固定ペア。when は hardly/scarcely ... when 用で No sooner とは組まず、as は様態・時で相関にならず、then は副詞で相関接続詞でない。

活用 (主語別 / 時制別)
マーカー
No sooner had S pp than S V倒置 (やいなや)No sooner had I left than it rained.
Hardly had S pp when S V= ほとんど〜しないうちにHardly had he sat when the phone rang.
Scarcely had S pp when S V= scarcely ... whenScarcely had we begun when it broke.
非倒置 (口語)S had no sooner pp than S VI had no sooner left than it rained.
文型バリエーション
文型
No sooner 倒置No sooner had S pp than S V(過去)No sooner had she arrived than they left.
Hardly ... whenHardly had S pp when S VHardly had I slept when the alarm rang.
非倒置版S had no sooner pp than ~We had no sooner sat down than it started.
例文
  • No sooner had the weary exhausted long

    distance travelers finally settled comfortably into their reserved seats than the crowded express train unexpectedly lurched forward and slowly began to move. — 疲れ果てた長距離の旅行者たちがようやく予約席に心地よく落ち着くやいなや、混雑した特急列車は予想外にガクンと前進し、ゆっくり動き出した。

  • No sooner had the nervous young actor finally stepped out onto the brightly lit stage than the entire enthusiastic audience suddenly erupted into loud warm welcoming applause.

    緊張した若い俳優がようやく明るく照らされた舞台に出るやいなや、熱狂的な観客全体が突然、大きく温かい歓迎の拍手に沸いた。

  • No sooner had we carefully spread out our picnic blanket on the soft green grass than the dark threatening clouds gathered and heavy summer rain began to fall.

    私たちが柔らかい緑の草の上に注意深くピクニックの敷物を広げるやいなや、暗い不吉な雲が集まり、激しい夏の雨が降り始めた。

  • No sooner had the determined firefighters finally extinguished the dangerous raging blaze in one wing than another worrying small fire mysteriously broke out elsewhere in the building.

    決意した消防士たちがようやく一棟の危険な激しい炎を消し止めるやいなや、別の心配な小さな火事が建物の別の場所で不可解に発生した。

  • No sooner had the relieved hardworking students finally submitted their last difficult final exam paper than they all rushed joyfully out to celebrate together at a nearby cafe.

    ほっとした勤勉な学生たちがようやく最後の難しい期末試験の答案を提出するやいなや、全員が近くのカフェで一緒に祝うため喜び勇んで駆け出した。

💡Tip · 覚えるコツ
  • No sooner ... than (準1級 鉄板)

    ★ No sooner had S pp than S V(過去) = 〜するやいなや ★ 相方は必ず than (when ではない) ━ 否定辞前置で倒置

  • Hardly/Scarcely ... when

    ★ こちらの相方は when (than でない) ━ ペアを混同しない

  • 時制

    No sooner 側は過去完了、than 側は過去形。register: 文語的・格式的

残り12問は、解いて確かめられます

15問すべてに、この形式の解説が付いています。 間違えた問題は記録され、あとから復習できます。

無料で登録して続きを解く

インストール不要・カード登録なし・いま全機能無料