問 1
What is the main idea of the passage?
- Animal testing pits two genuine moral intuitions against each other, and a measured framework matters more than either extreme.
- Computer models have already replaced the need for any experiments on living animals.
- Animal testing should be banned immediately because it has never produced any medical benefit.
- Scientists and animal-rights critics in fact share identical views about laboratory research.
Between these poles lies a debate that resists easy resolution, precisely because both camps invoke genuine moral intuitions.
本文は動物実験を巡る2つの正当な道徳的直観の対立と、極論より節度ある枠組みの重要性を論じる。
「Animal testing pits two genuine moral intuitions against each other, and a measured framework matters more than either extreme.」
正解第1段で擁護派 (必要悪) と批判派 (許されぬ残酷) の両極を提示し both camps invoke genuine moral intuitions と述べる。第2・3段で双方の論を検討し、最終的に Three Rs という段階的枠組みを支持して『社会の真の尺度は各判断をどれだけ真剣に吟味するかだ』と結ぶ。よって『2つの正当な道徳的直観の対立であり、いずれの極端よりも節度ある枠組みが重要』が主旨。
「Animal testing ought to be banned immediately because it has never once produced any medical benefit at all.」
= 即時全面禁止すべき／医学的恩恵は皆無 ━ 本文はワクチン・手術・がん治療が動物実験で精製されたと明記し、批判派も即時中止を求めないと述べているので二重に誤り。
「Computer models have by now already entirely replaced the need for any kind of experiment upon living animals.」
= 計算モデルが既に代替済み ━ 第2段は computer models ... fail to reproduce the bewildering complexity と明言しており正反対。
「Scientists and animal-rights critics in fact share entirely identical views about all forms of laboratory research.」
= 両者の見解は同一 ━ 本文は両者を opinion as sharply ... divide と対立させており同一ではない。
| パターン | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| divide opinion | 意見を二分する | Few questions divide opinion as sharply. |
| an unfortunate necessity | やむを得ない必要悪 | a practice seen as an unfortunate necessity |
| resist easy resolution | 簡単には決着しない | a debate that resists easy resolution |
| invoke a principle | 原則を持ち出す | Both camps invoke moral intuitions. |
| between these poles | この両極の間に | Between these poles lies a debate. |
Few issues divide opinion as sharply as this one.
これほど意見を二分する問題は少ない。
The practice is defended as an unfortunate necessity.
その慣行はやむを得ない必要悪として擁護される。
The debate resists easy resolution.
その議論は簡単には決着しない。
論説文の主旨は第1段の対立提示と最終段の結論文を結ぶ。極端な全否定・全肯定の選択肢は『節度ある』論説の主旨とほぼ合わない。