問 1
( ) who saved the child from the burning house yesterday afternoon.
- Was it John
- It was John
- John saved
- John it was
It was + 人 + who ... (人を強調)
It was + 人 + who/that ... =「〜したのは (人) だ」。人を強調する典型構文。
「It was John」
正解"( ) who saved the child from the burning house..." では 「子どもを救ったのはジョンだ」と人を強調する文。It was + 人 + who ... の語順で It was John が正解。元文 John saved the child を強調構文化した形。
「John it was」
= 語順の誤り ━ John it was の語順は文法的に不可。強調構文は必ず It is/was + 強調部 + who/that の語順。
「Was it John」
= 疑問形 ━ Was it John ...? は疑問文の語順。who 節は陳述 (関係詞) で疑問文と組まない。
「John saved」
= 強調構文不成立 ━ John saved who saved ... は元の動詞 saved が二重になる。強調構文では元の動詞は who/that 節側に残す。
| 形 | マーカー | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| It was + 人 + who ... | 人強調 | It was Mary who told me. |
| It was + 物 + that ... | 物強調 | It was the key that I lost. |
| It was + 時 + that ... | 時強調 | It was yesterday that he called. |
| It was + 場所 + where/that ... | 場所強調 | It was Tokyo where we met. |
| 文型 | 形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 人強調 | It was + 人 + who/that ... | It was John who helped me. |
| 物強調 | It was + 物 + that ... | It was the book that I lost. |
| 時強調 | It was + 時 + that ... | It was at 5 that he arrived. |
It was John who saved the child from the burning house.
燃える家から子どもを救ったのはジョンだった。
It was Mary who broke the vase yesterday, not Tom.
昨日花瓶を割ったのはメアリーで、トムじゃない。
It is my mother who taught me how to cook delicious meals.
美味しい料理の作り方を教えてくれたのは母だ。
It was the president himself who announced the news.
そのニュースを発表したのは大統領自身だった。
It was she who first noticed the small mistake in the report.
報告書の小さなミスに最初に気づいたのは彼女だった。
強調構文の作り方: 元文 (John saved the child) → 強調部 (John) を選び → It + be + John + who + 残りの文 (saved the child)。人 → who/that / 物・時・場所 → that が標準。準2級プラス頻出。